---
name: "xwatch"
section: "1"
platform: "linux"
package: "xwatch"
version: "2.11-16.3"
release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/xwatch"
---

# xwatch(1)

The Logfiles Watcher" "1996"

## XWatch

The Logfiles Watcher"

## Karel Kubat (karel@icce.rug.nl)

State University of Groningen \
 Westerhaven 16, 9718 AW Groningen \
 The Netherlands"

## 1996

## Chapter 1: Introduction

XWatch is a small program that I wrote to monitor logfiles and to see any changes **directly** (instead of having to read all the logs after a breakin or a crash). XWatch is simply started with a few file arguments, and any information that appears on the files is displayed. With a slider you can see past information; i.e., lines that scroll in xwatch’s window. That’s all there is to it. The appearance of the xwatch window can furthermore be modified via command line flags or via an application defaults file. (Older versions of XWatch had a button to activate an \`options’ window. I removed this code, almost no-one uses it.)

XWatch is incidentally my first applications with the XForms GUI library for X, which I can highly recommend for developers who want to start \`X programming’ but who don’t want to go through the hassle of having to learn about intrinsics. XForms is really excellent. Congrats, T.C. Zhao and Mark Overmars (the latter is rumored to bootleg at a soccer club in his free time ;). Instructions on where and how to get the XForms library are in the Makefile, contained in xwatch’s distribution.

**Debian maintainer note:** XWatch doesn’t have an active upstream maintainer.  If you are interested in taking over this package, please see the file /usr/share/doc/xwatch/README.debian

## Chapter 2: Using xwatch

You typically start xwatch when activating an X session; e.g., from the file which xdm uses to fire up a user’s session (this file is normally /usr/X11/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession). The command that starts xwatch is something like

```
xwatch [options] files &
```

where \`options’ are optional flags, files are the files to watch, and the ampersand character is used to start xwatch in the background. The files to watch are typically in the directory /var/adm/: files which are created by the syslog daemon (see the file syslogd.conf.SAMPLE in the distribution for an example).  XWatch accepts only filenames which are:

startit()

- o

  ordinary files, no sockets, directory names,

- o

  which are not binary files.

endit()

Other files as stated on the commandline are not monitored. When any \`non-proper’ file is given on the commandline, xwatch warns about the file not being acceptable and deletes it from its list of names.

## 2.1: Options to the xwatch program

The options are many, start xwatch without arguments to see what is supported. All options can also be stated in the file /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XWatch as X resources (see the file XWatch.ap as an example). In the following enumeration, a *nr* denotes a number:

startit()

- o

  \-border *nr*:  Specifies whether xwatch should start with a border. The *nr* must be 0 or 1. When you start xwatch without a border, your window manager may not be able to resize or even recognize it. Incidentally, this may be what you want -- I use it to \`hide’ the presence of xwatch from my window manager fvwm.

- o

  \-geometry *geom*: Specifies the display geometry, a-la  other X programs. You can express the geometry in terms of *WxH*  (width by height), optionally postfixed by *+X+Y* (x and y offset)  or *-X-Y* (offsets relative to the lower right corner) and other  combinations.

Note that previous switches that emulated the geometry specification,  such as -xpos and -height, are now obsolete. Use the geometry  setting.

- o

  \-fg *color* and -bg *color*: These options define the  default foreground and background of the watch window.

Note that previous switches, such as -bred and -bblue, are now  obsolete.

- o

  \-printtime *nr*: Defines whether xwatch should prefix any info on the watched files with a timestamp. The nr can be 0 or zero; the timestamp is printed when *nr* is 1.

- o

  \-printname *nr*: Defines whether xwatch should prefix any info on the watched files with the filename. The *nr* is again a flag, 0 or 1.

- o

  \-newline *nr*: Defines whether xwatch should let a newline follow the time and/or filename stamp, so that the actual information is displayed on its own line.

- o

  \-interval *nr*: Defines the scanning interval.  Each *nr* seconds, xwatch will check if new information has arrived on the watched files. The *nr* may be between 1 and 30 seconds.

- o

  \-fontsize *nr*: Defines the initial size of the display font.  The *nr* may range from 1 to 4; 1 being the smallest font and 4 being the largest.

- o

  \-fontstyle *nr*: Defines the style of the used font. The *nr* is a number between 0 and 15 (0 being the default). Start xwatch without arguments or read the application defaults file to see what fonts the numbers choose.

- o

  \-firstwarnings *nr*: Defines whether xwatch should print initial warnings into the watch window.  E.g., you might like to set firstwarnings to zero, and then start xwatch with the file argument /var/adm/\*.  Warnings about, e.g., utmp being a binary file would then be suppressed.

- o

  \-printversion *nr*: Controls whether xwatch prints its version number and copyright notice upon startup in the watch window.

- o

  \-gag *text*: This option, when present, prevents all lines  with *text* in them from being shown in the display window. You can  specify more than one string to \`gag’, in that case, separate the  strings with \|.

- o

  \-colorstring *col:string*: This option causes lines that  contain string to be displayed using the specified color. The string is matched literally.  E.g., if you use the option -colorstring blue:connection then  all lines containing connection are displayed in pure blue.

You can specify several colorstrings by separating all options with a  \| character, as in -colorstring blue:connection\|red:error. Note  that, for reasons of shell expansion, you should quote such options on  the commandline.

- o

  \-title *name*: This option sets the window title of the  watch window. Note that the title will only be visible when border  is not 0. This option may be useful if you have several XWatch  windows, monitoring different things.

- o

  \-ignore *fileA\|fileB\|fileC\|...*: This option is handy if  you start XWatch with a wildcard file argument, but when you want  XWatch **not** to process some files. The -ignore flag removes  the stated files from the watchlist. Note that, for reasons of shell  commandline expansion, you must quote the file specification (or the  shell will interpret the \| characters as pipes). (Thanks, Frank  Brokken, frank@icce.rug.nl for the code).

endit()

**Debian Maintainer’s note: Applications defaults are stored in** **/etc/X11/app-defaults/XWatch .  System adminitrators who want to** **customize xwatch globally may also create a file** **/etc/X11/Xresources/xwatch for these configurations by prefixing** **the entries with Xwatch  (see /usr/share/doc/xwatch/README.Debian** **for an example).  Individual users can make the same types of** **changes in their ~/.Xdefaults or ~/.Xresources files.**

Before you extensively use the options, create an application defaults file /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XWatch. You can do so by copying the file XWatch.ap, extracted from the archive, to /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XWatch. The comments in the distributed  application defaults file explain what you can configure and show  examples.

Some systems do not have the directory /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults.  In that case, you should create the following links:

startit()

- o

  /usr/X11 should point to your X11 distribution; e.g.  to /usr/X11R6. That way, you always have e.g.  /usr/X11/bin, even after upgrading your X11 distribution. All that is needed is one new link.

- o

  /usr/lib/X11 should point to /usr/X11/lib/X11.

endit()

Then edit the file XWatch in the application defaults directory, and follow the instructions therein to define your favorite settings.  If you need to start xwatch incidentally with another setting, use a flag.

## 2.2: File arguments

The filename arguments can optionally be followed by a color specification that applies only to that particular file. E.g., say you want to see all the files in /var/adm normally in blue text; but you want to see /var/adm/critical (critical messages from applications) in yellow and /var/adm/auth (authentification messages) in red. In that case, the course to follow would be:

startit()

- o

  The default foreground color would be blue. You could set this with the flags -fg blue, or in the application defaults file.

- o

  The color for /var/adm/critical should be yellow.  Hence, the first file argument would be /var/adm/critical:yellow.

- o

  The color for file /var/adm/auth should be red, hence the second file argument would be /var/adm/auth:red.

- o

  The following arguments would be the files, using the standard foreground (blue): /var/adm/\*, without any extra color specifications.

endit()

Such a commandline would cause xwatch to complain about the multiple presence of /var/adm/critical (once from the separate argument, and once from the wildcard argument) and similarly about /var/adm/auth. If this bothers you, turn off the initial warnings (e.g., using -firstwarnings 0 or in the application defaults file).

Note that besides the color specifications for filenames, you can  also specify coloring for lines that match a given string in all files.  See the above description of the  switch -colorstring for more  information.

## Chapter 3: Obtaining xwatch

XWatch can be obtained at the ftp site ftp.icce.rug.nl, in the directory /pub/unix, as the file xwatch-X.YY.tar.gz. X.YY is the version number, e.g., 1.00. This site is the primary site, so check here for new versions.

To unpack the archive, change-dir to your \`sources’ directory (e.g., /usr/local/src) and type

```
tar xvzf /where/ever/you/put/it/xwatch-X.YY.tar.gz
```

Next, change-dir to the unpacked subdirectory xwatch and check there. You will find a subdirectory src with the full sources.

## Chapter 4: Compiling xwatch

Follow these steps.

startit()

- o

  You will need the XForms library and include files to compile xwatch.  Check the Makefile in the src subdirectory for two ftp sites that carry XForms for Linux. Obtain the library and install it.  XWatch will happily run with XForms version 0.81 or 0.88.

- o

  In the src subdirectory, edit the Makefile and adjust some defines at the top. E.g., a make install copies the binary by default to /usr/local/X11/bin; adjust that if you don’t like this behavior.

- o

  Next, do a make install, followed by a make clean.

- o

  Copy the file XWatch.ap from the source directory to  /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XWatch. Edit the file and state your  favorite settings.

- o

  Next, start the program xwatch with some file arguments in  your logfiles directory. If you’re satisfied with the appearance and  workings of xwatch, add the invocation to your script that starts an X session.

endit()

## Chapter 5: Copyright

XWatch - a tool to monitor logfiles and display new logs in an X window.   Copyright (C) 1995 Karel Kubat.  All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

You may link this software with XForms (Copyright (C) by T.C. Zhao and Mark Overmars) and distribute the resulting binary, under the restrictions in clause 3 of the GPL, even though the resulting binary is not, as a whole, covered by the GPL. (You still need a separate license to do so from the owner (s) of the copyright for XForms, however).  If a derivative no longer requires XForms, you may use the unsupplemented GPL as its license by deleting this paragraph and therefore removing this exemption for XForms.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\
     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\
     Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA