---
name: "xs_send"
section: "3"
platform: "linux"
package: "libxs-dev"
version: "1.2.0-2"
release: "Debian 10 (Buster)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/xs_send"
---

# xs\_send(3)

send a message part on a socket

## NAME

xs\_send - send a message part on a socket

## SYNOPSIS

**int xs\_send (void** *\*socket***, void** *\*buf***, size\_t** *len***, int** *flags***);**

## DESCRIPTION

The *xs\_send()* function shall queue a message created from the buffer referenced by the *buf* and *len* arguments. The *flags* argument is a combination of the flags defined below:

**XS\_DONTWAIT**

Specifies that the operation should be performed in non-blocking mode. If the message cannot be queued on the *socket*, the *xs\_send()* function shall fail with *errno* set to EAGAIN.

**XS\_SNDMORE**

Specifies that the message being sent is a multi-part message, and that further message parts are to follow. Refer to the section regarding multi-part messages below for a detailed description.

**Note**\

A successful invocation of *xs\_send()* does not indicate that the message has been transmitted to the network, only that it has been queued on the *socket* and Crossroads have assumed responsibility for the message.

### Multi-part messages

A Crossroads message is composed of 1 or more message parts. Crossroads ensures atomic delivery of messages; peers shall receive either all *message parts* of a message or none at all. The total number of message parts is unlimited except by available memory.

An application that sends multipart messages must use the *XS\_SNDMORE* flag when sending each message part except the final one.

## RETURN VALUE

The *xs\_send()* function shall return number of bytes in the message if successful. Otherwise it shall return -1 and set *errno* to one of the values defined below.

## ERRORS

**EAGAIN**

Non-blocking mode was requested and the message cannot be sent at the moment.

**ENOTSUP**

The *xs\_send()* operation is not supported by this socket type.

**EFSM**

The *xs\_send()* operation cannot be performed on this socket at the moment due to the socket not being in the appropriate state. This error may occur with socket types that switch between several states, such as XS\_REP. See the *messaging patterns* section of [**xs\_socket**(3)](/xs_socket/3.md) for more information.

**ETERM**

The *context* associated with the specified *socket* was terminated.

**ENOTSOCK**

The provided *socket* was invalid.

**EINTR**

The operation was interrupted by delivery of a signal before the message was sent.

## EXAMPLE

**Sending a multi-part message**.

```
/* Send a multi-part message consisting of three parts to socket */
rc = xs_send (socket, "ABC", 3, XS_SNDMORE);
assert (rc == 3);
rc = xs_send (socket, "DEFGH", 5, XS_SNDMORE);
assert (rc == 5);
/* Final part; no more parts to follow */
rc = xs_send (socket, "JK", 2, 0);
assert (rc == 2);
```

## SEE ALSO

Applications that wish to use zero-copy messaging must use [**xs\_sendmsg**(3)](/xs_sendmsg/3.md) instead of *xs\_send()*.

[**xs\_recv**(3)](/xs_recv/3.md) **xs\_socket**(7) [**xs**(7)](/xs/7.md)

## AUTHORS

This man page was written by Martin Sustrik \<**sustrik@250bpm.com**\[1\]\>, Martin Lucina \<**martin@lucina.net**\[2\]\> and Pieter Hintjens \<**ph@imatix.com**\[3\]\>.

## NOTES

- 1\.

  sustrik@250bpm.com

  mailto:sustrik@250bpm.com

- 2\.

  martin@lucina.net

  mailto:martin@lucina.net

- 3\.

  ph@imatix.com

  mailto:ph@imatix.com