--- name: "xlbiff" section: "1" platform: "linux" package: "xlbiff" version: "4.6.6-1" release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/xlbiff" --- # xlbiff(1) mail notification pop-up with configurable message scans ## NAME xlbiff - mail notification pop-up with configurable message scans ## SYNOPSIS **xlbiff** \[ *-option* ... \] \[ *mail\_file\_or\_imap\_server* \] ## DESCRIPTION Is “you have mail” not quite enough detail? Is a per-message notification too much? Welcome to **xlbiff**, the X Literate Biff. **xlbiff** presents enough information to tell you: Is this new mail worth reading right now? And it stops distracting you once you decide. **xlbiff** waits in the background, monitoring your mailbox file or IMAP server (or running your custom check-mail script). When a new message arrives, it invokes the MH [**scan**(1)](/scan/1.md) command (or your custom mail-scanning script) and pops up a window with the output (typically the *From* and *Subject* line of each new message). If more mail arrives, **xlbiff** scans again and resizes its preview window accordingly. Clicking the left mouse button anywhere in the window causes it to vanish. It will also vanish if the mailbox becomes empty. **xlbiff** stays out of your way when there is no new mail and pops up only when something requests your attention. Features: - • occupies no screen real estate until mail comes in - • supports scripts for checking mail - • has configurable screen location, color, and font - • can notify by bell and/or keyboard LED - • shows all new messages in one, easy-to-dismiss window - • lets you click anywhere on it; no trying to select a tiny “x” ## GETTING STARTED If your new mail arrives in a local mail file in the usual system directory: ``` xlbiff ``` If your mail file is in a different location, you will need to specify the filename: ``` xlbiff ~/Mailbox ``` If your mail is on an IMAP server, specify the server's name: ``` xlbiff imap.example.com ``` Whichever way you start xlbiff, if you have new mail, it should pop up a window displaying summary lines for the new messages. (If you don't have new mail, you won't see any window, which is how **xlbiff** tries to stay out of your way.) The window will stay visible until you click it away or read the new mail. You may need an entry in *~/.netrc* to provide login credentials for the IMAP server of your mail provider. The format of this file is described in [**mailbox-preview**(1)](/mailbox-preview/1.md). When you have the correct options to **xlbiff** figured out, you will probably want to run it in the background or start it at the beginning of your X session. ## OPTIONS **xlbiff** accepts all of the standard X Toolkit command line options along with the additional options listed below: - **-file** *file\_or\_server\_name* This option specifies the name of the file or IMAP server that should be monitored. By default, it watches file /var/mail/*username*, where *username* is your login name. - If given the name of an IMAP server, **xlbiff**, assisted by its default *checkCommand/scanCommand* script [**mailbox-preview**(1)](/mailbox-preview/1.md), will peek at your new messages on this server. - The **-file** is optional; a non-option argument will be treated the same. - **-bottom** This option tells **xlbiff** to realize/unrealize() the output window instead of using XtPopup/down(). This has the effect of causing the window manager to reposition the window each time it pops up, and is useful for when you specify negative Y coordinates, i.e., at the bottom of the screen. Running **xlbiff** in this situation without -bottom would cause new lines to run off the bottom edge of the screen. - **+bottom** Opposite of -bottom. - **-rows** *height* This option specifies the maximum height, in lines of text, of the **xlbiff** window. The default is 20. - **-columns** *width* This option specifies the maximum width, in characters, of the **xlbiff** window. The default is 80. - **-resetSaver** If this option is set, **xlbiff** will reset the screen saver when new mail comes in. This is useful if you're doing something near your workstation but not on it. - **+resetSaver** Opposite of -resetSaver. - **-update** *seconds* This option specifies the frequency in seconds at which **xlbiff** should update its display. The default is 15 seconds. - **-fade** *seconds* Number of seconds to wait before popping window back down. This option can be used to monitor events of non-lasting importance, such as syslog. The default value of 0 disables the **fade** option. - **-led** *ledNum* This option specifies a keyboard LED to light up when there is mail waiting in the *file.* The default is zero (do not light a LED). - **-ledPopdown** This option indicates that the LED should be turned off when xlbiff is popped down. Ordinarily the LED stays lit to remind one of awaiting mail. This option has no effect if the -led option is disabled. - **+ledPopdown** Opposite of -ledPopdown. - **-refresh** *seconds* This option specifies the number of seconds to wait before re-posting the mail window after you acknowledge it, and it still contains the same mail. The default is 0 (no refresh). A useful value for this is 1800 (30 minutes). - **-mailerCommand** *command* Specifies the command to invoke when the mailer() action, described below, is activated. Due to mailbox consistency considerations, the mailerCommand should not exit before it is finished with the mailbox, i.e., it should not run its command in the background. - Example **mailerCommand** values: - ``` xterm -e alpine emacsclient --eval '(mh-rmail)' --suppress-output ``` - There is no default **mailerCommand**. - **-scanCommand** *command* Specifies a shell command to be executed to list the contents of mailbox **file**. The specified string value is used as the argument to a [**popen**(3)](/popen/3.md) call and may therefore contain I/O redirection. The command's stdout is used to generate the window. Internally, the command is generated as - ``` sprintf(buf, scanCommand, file, columns, rows) ``` - so a %s, %d and %d respectively in **scanCommand** will generate the values of **file**, **columns**, and **rows**. The default **scanCommand**, specified by the *XLbiff* application resources file, is - ``` mailbox-preview %s --width %d --max-messages %d 2>&1 ``` - If a **scanCommand** is used to change the way the mailbox is accessed (as opposed to change the way the content is displayed), you will need to supply a compatible **checkCommand**. - **-checkCommand** *command* Specifies a shell command to be executed to check for new mail (or some other condition) rather than simply examining the size of the mail file. The specified string value is used as the argument to a [**popen**(3)](/popen/3.md) call, and the output generated is important. Like **xbiff**, an exit status of - • 0 indicates that a change in condition demands a new evaluation of scanCommand and subsequent popup, - • 1 indicates no change in status, and - • 2 indicates that the condition has been cleared and the **xlbiff** window should pop down. - The default, specified by the *XLbiff* application resources file, is - ``` mailbox-preview %s --check %d ``` - Similarly to scanCommand, the checkCommand is generated internally as - ``` sprintf(buf, checkCommand, file, previous) ``` - **previous** is the numeric value output by the last time checkCommand was run, or zero the first time. This is useful for allowing the checkCommand to maintain state. - See the EXAMPLES section, below, for different ways to use checkCommand. - **-volume** *percentage* This option specifies how loud the bell should be rung when new mail comes in. The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments are commonly used with **xlbiff**: - **-display** *display* This option specifies the X server to contact. - **-geometry** *+x+y* This option specifies the preferred position of the scan window. - **-bg** *color* This option specifies the color to use for the background of the window. - **-fg** *color* This option specifies the color to use for the foreground of the window. - **-xrm** *resourcestring* This option specifies a resource string to be used. This is especially useful for setting resources that do not have separate command line options. - **-help** This option indicates that a brief summary of the allowed options should be printed on standard output. ## RESOURCES The application class name is XLbiff. It understands all of the core resource names and classes as well as: - **bottom** (class **Bottom**) Same as the **-bottom** option. - **file** (class **File**) Same as the **-file** option. - **mailerCommand** (class **MailerCommand**) Same as the **-mailerCommand** option. - **scanCommand** (class **ScanCommand**) Same as the **-scanCommand** option. - **checkCommand** (class **CheckCommand**) Same as the **-checkCommand** option. - **resetSaver** (class **ResetSaver**) Same as the **-resetSaver** option. - **update** (class **Interval**) Same as the **-update** option. - **fade** (class **Fade**) Same as the **-fade** option. - **columns** (class **Columns**) Same as the **-columns** option. - **rows** (class **Rows**) Specifies the maximum height, in lines, of the *xlbiff* window. The default is 20. - **led** (class **Led**) Same as the **-led** option. - **ledPopdown** (class **LedPopdown**) Same as the **-ledPopdown** option. - **refresh** (class **Refresh**) Same as the **-refresh** option. - **sound** (class **Sound**) Specify a command to be run in place of a bell when new mail arrives. For example, on a Sun Sparc you might use: - ``` *sound: /usr/demo/SOUND/play -v %d /usr/demo/SOUND/sounds/doorbell.au ``` - The command is generated internally with [**sprintf**(3)](/sprintf/3.md), so the characters “%d” will be replaced with the numeric value of the **volume** resource. - **volume** (class **Volume**) Same as the **-volume** option. ## ACTIONS **xlbiff** provides the following actions for use in event translations: - **popdown()** This action causes the window to vanish. - **mailer()** This action causes **xlbiff** to pop down the main window and run the defined **mailerCommand** (if any), waiting for it to exit. Then **xlbiff** will check for new mail, and if necessary pop up again. - **exit()** This action causes **xlbiff** to exit. The default translations are ``` : popdown() : mailer() : exit() ``` ## CUSTOMIZING You may want to tweak some values in an app-defaults file and/or add some resources to your .Xdefaults or .Xresources file. See the system app-defaults file */etc/X11/app-defaults/XLbiff* for examples of what you can customize. You also probably want to tell your window manager not to put borders or titlebars or whatever around the **xlbiff** window. Note that an MH format file, *xlbiff.form*, is included. This form - • omits message number, which is meaningless in this context - • omits message size, since *scan -file* can't figure it out - • puts a “\*” next to the message if your name is on the To: list (to distinguish from mailing lists and cc's) - • displays the date in a friendly format - • packs as much subject and body into one line as possible. ## EXAMPLES ### Bulk maildrops **xlbiff** ships with two sample scripts, *Bcheck* and *Bscan*, intended to be used in conjunction. These are for checking mail in “bulk” maildrops. See *README.bulk* for more info. ### Laptop fan speed **xlbiff** can be used to display your laptop's temperature sensors only when the fan is running. This example uses the [**sensors**(1)](/sensors/1.md) program as a scanCommand to display the sensor values. To pop up the info only when the laptop is hot, we can use a check command that extracts from the sensors output whether the fan is running and whether its speed has changed. Here is a possible check script: ``` fan1_speed=$(sensors | sed -E -n '/^fan/{s/.* ([0-9]+).*/\1/p;q}') echo "$fan1_speed" [ "$fan1_speed" = 0 ] && exit 2 [ "$fan1_speed" = "$1" ] && exit 1 exit 0 ``` If the script is called *xlbiff-fan-check.sh*, you can use it by running xlbiff like this: ``` xlbiff -checkCommand 'xlbiff-fan-check.sh %d' -scanCommand sensors ``` ## ENVIRONMENT - **DISPLAY** is used to get the default host and display number. ## FILES - */var/mail/$USER* Default mail file to check. - */etc/X11/app-defaults/XLbiff* System app-defaults file for X11 resources. Override entries here in your own app-defaults file or your own *~/.Xdefaults* or *~/.Xresources* file. - *~/.netrc* Login info for the IMAP server. See [**mailbox-preview**(1)](/mailbox-preview/1.md). ## SEE ALSO [**mailbox-preview**(1)](/mailbox-preview/1.md), [**scan**(1)](/scan/1.md), [**X**(7)](/X/7.md) ## BUGS Specifying dimensions in **-geometry** causes badness. The **led** option does not work on Suns before SunOS 4.1/X11R5. ## AUTHOR Ed Santiago \ ## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS **xlbiff** took shape around the **xgoodbye** sample program in the O'Reilly *X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual*. A lot of code was copied from **xbiff**, including this man page. Thanks also to Stephen Gildea (gildea@expo.lcs.mit.edu) for the many, many contributions that made **xlbiff** grow from a midnight hack to a more mature product. The *xlbiff.form* file was copied and hacked from Jerry Peek's excellent Nutshell book *MH & xmh: Email for Users & Programmers*.