---
name: "worm"
section: "4"
platform: "linux"
package: "freebsd-manpages"
version: "6.0-5"
release: "Debian 4.0 (Etch)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/worm/4"
---

# worm(4)

write-once (CD-R) disk driver

## NAME

**worm** – write-once (CD-R) disk driver

## SYNOPSIS

None.

## DESCRIPTION

The **worm** driver was provided under FreeBSD releases prior to FreeBSD 3.0.

The FreeBSD SCSI layer was replaced for FreeBSD 3.0 by a CAM-compliant SCSI layer. The new SCSI layer does not include a **worm** driver, and is not likely to include one in the future. Future in-kernel support for CD-R/CD-RW/DVD drives will likely be implemented through the [cd(4)](/cd/4.md) driver. Users who wish to write CDs on a WORM, CD-R, or CD-RW drive should use **cdrtools**, which is in the FreeBSD ports collection.

The [cd(4)](/cd/4.md) driver provides read-only access to CD, CD-R, and CD-RW drives, as well as WORM drives that support the CDROM command set. Therefore, users wishing to mount CDs in a WORM drive should use the [cd(4)](/cd/4.md) driver instead.

## SEE ALSO

[close(2)](/close/2.md), [ioctl(2)](/ioctl/2.md), [open(2)](/open/2.md), [write(2)](/write/2.md), [cd(4)](/cd/4.md), [pass(4)](/pass/4.md), [xpt(4)](/xpt/4.md)

## HISTORY

The **worm** driver appeared in FreeBSD 2.1, and disappeared in FreeBSD 3.0 with the advent of the CAM SCSI layer.

## AUTHORS

The first skeleton for a **worm** driver has been written by Peter Dufault in May, 1995. The driver has then been improved and made actually usable at all by Jörg Wunsch in January, 1996.