--- name: "useradd" section: "8" platform: "linux" package: "shadow" version: "4.20.0.arch1-1" release: "Arch Linux 2026-11-01" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/useradd" --- # useradd(8) create a new user or update default new user information ## NAME useradd - create a new user or update default new user information ## SYNOPSIS **useradd** \[*options*\] *LOGIN* **useradd** -D **useradd** -D \[*options*\] ## DESCRIPTION When invoked without the **-D** option, the **useradd** command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the **useradd** command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files. By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see **-g**, **-N**, **-U**, and **USERGROUPS\_ENAB**). ## OPTIONS The options which apply to the **useradd** command are: - **--badname** Allow names that do not conform to standards. - **-b**, **--base-dir** *BASE\_DIR* The default base directory for the system if **-d** *HOME\_DIR* is not specified. *BASE\_DIR* is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory. If this option is not specified, **useradd** will use the base directory specified by the **HOME** variable in /etc/default/useradd, or /home by default. - **--btrfs-subvolume-home** Create the user's home directory as a Btrfs subvolume. If this option is not specified, **useradd** will follow the default behavior defined by the **BTRFS\_SUBVOLUME\_HOME** variable in /etc/default/useradd. If this variable is not set, the default value is no. When the **--btrfs-subvolume-home** command-line option is specified, a Btrfs subvolume is created regardless of any configuration file settings. Subvolumes are only created for regular users, whose UID is within the **UID\_MIN**-**UID\_MAX** range defined in /etc/login.defs. System users get a regular home directory instead. Set the **BTRFS\_SUBVOLUME\_SYSTEM** variable in /etc/default/useradd to *yes* to create subvolumes for system users as well. If this variable is not set, the default value is no. If the parent directory of the user's home directory is *not* on a Btrfs filesystem, **useradd** will *not* create a subvolume. Instead, it creates a regular directory, prints a warning to standard error, and logs the event via syslog at level **LOG\_WARN**. The user account is still created successfully. If the filesystem type cannot be determined (e.g., because of insufficient permissions, an I/O error, or a [**statfs**(2)](/statfs/2.md) failure), **useradd** treats this as a fatal error: the home directory is not created, the command exits with a non-zero status (E\_HOMEDIR, 12), and an error message is printed. - **-c**, **--comment** *COMMENT* Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name. - **-d**, **--home-dir** *HOME\_DIR* The new user will be created using *HOME\_DIR* as the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the *LOGIN* name to *BASE\_DIR* and use that as the login directory name. The directory *HOME\_DIR* is not created by default. However it will be created for non-system users if either the **-m** flag is specified or *CREATE\_HOME* in login.defs is set to true. However, it will never be created if the **-M** flag is specified. - **-D**, **--defaults** See below, the subsection "Changing the default values". - **-e**, **--expiredate** *EXPIRE\_DATE* Sets the date on which the user account will be disabled. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone. If not specified, **useradd** uses the default expiry date specified by the **EXPIRE** variable in /etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default. - **-f**, **--inactive** *INACTIVE* Defines the number of days after a password exceeds its maximum age before the user account gets locked. If the user does not change their password within this period of time, their account becomes inactive. This value is stored in the shadow password file. For more information, see [**shadow**(5)](/shadow/5.md). A value of 0 disables the account when the password expires, with no delay. A value of -1 empties the respective field in the shadow password file, which means that the inactivity period is not enforced. If not specified, **useradd** uses the default inactivity period specified by the **INACTIVE** variable in /etc/default/useradd, or -1 by default if no value is specified. - **-F**, **--add-subids-for-system** Update /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid even when creating a system account with **-r** option. - **-g**, **--gid** *GROUP* The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. If not specified, the behavior of **useradd** will depend on the **USERGROUPS\_ENAB** variable in /etc/login.defs. If this variable is set to *yes* (or **-U/--user-group** is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as the loginname. If the variable is set to *no* (or **-N/--no-user-group** is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the **GROUP** variable in /etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default. - **-G**, **--groups** *GROUP1*\[*,GROUP2,...*\[*,GROUPN*\]\]\] A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the **-g** option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group. In addition to passing in the -G flag, you can add the option **GROUPS** to the file /etc/default/useradd which in turn will add all users to those supplementary groups. - **-h**, **--help** Display help message and exit. - **-k**, **--skel** *SKEL\_DIR* The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by **useradd**. This option is only valid if the **-m** (or **--create-home**) option is specified. If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the **SKEL** variable in /etc/default/useradd or, by default, /etc/skel. Absolute symlinks that link back to the skel directory will have the /etc/skel prefix replaced with the user's home directory. If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied. - **-K**, **--key** *KEY*=*VALUE* Overrides /etc/login.defs defaults (**UID\_MIN**, **UID\_MAX**, **UMASK**, **PASS\_MAX\_DAYS** and others). Example: **-K** *PASS\_MAX\_DAYS* =*-1* can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple **-K** options can be specified, e.g.: **-K** *UID\_MIN* =*100* **-K** *UID\_MAX*=*499* - **-l**, **--no-log-init** Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases. By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user. If this option is not specified, **useradd** will also consult the variable **LOG\_INIT** in the /etc/default/useradd if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases. - **-m**, **--create-home** Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the **-k** option) will be copied to the home directory. By default, if this option is not specified and **CREATE\_HOME** is not enabled, no home directories are created. The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory cannot be created or accessed. - **-M**, **--no-create-home** Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from /etc/login.defs (**CREATE\_HOME**) is set to *yes*. - **-N**, **--no-user-group** Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the **-g** option or by the **GROUP** variable in /etc/default/useradd. The default behavior (if the **-g**, **-N**, and **-U** options are not specified) is defined by the **USERGROUPS\_ENAB** variable in /etc/login.defs. - **-o**, **--non-unique** allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID. This option is only valid in combination with the **-u** option. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID. - **-p**, **--password** *PASSWORD* defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by **crypt** (3). Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users. Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of /etc/shadow. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the account or to define a password himself. **Note:**Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes. You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy. - **-r**, **--system** Create a system account. System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the **SYS\_UID\_MIN**-**SYS\_UID\_MAX** range, defined in /etc/login.defs, instead of **UID\_MIN**-**UID\_MAX** (and their **GID** counterparts for the creation of groups). Note that **useradd** will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in /etc/login.defs (**CREATE\_HOME**). You have to specify the **-m** options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created. Note that this option will not update /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid. You have to specify the **-F** options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created. - **-R**, **--root** *CHROOT\_DIR* Apply changes in the *CHROOT\_DIR* directory and use the configuration files from the *CHROOT\_DIR* directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support. - **-P**, **--prefix** *PREFIX\_DIR* Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory *PREFIX\_DIR*. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support. - **-s**, **--shell** *SHELL* sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system will use the **SHELL** variable specified in /etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in /etc/passwd remains empty. - **-u**, **--uid** *UID* The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the **-o** option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to **UID\_MIN** and greater than every other user. See also the **-r** option and the **UID\_MAX** description. - **-U**, **--user-group** Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group. The default behavior (if the **-g**, **-N**, and **-U** options are not specified) is defined by the **USERGROUPS\_ENAB** variable in /etc/login.defs. - **-Z**, **--selinux-user** *SEUSER* defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, SELinux uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses [**semanage**(8)](/semanage/8.md) for that. - **--selinux-range** *SERANGE* defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account. Without this option, SELinux uses the default range. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range, it uses [**semanage**(8)](/semanage/8.md) for that. This option is only valid if the **-Z** (or **--selinux-user**) option is specified. ### Changing the default values When invoked with only the **-D** option, **useradd** will display the current default values. When invoked with **-D** plus other options, **useradd** will update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are: - **-b**, **--base-dir** *BASE\_DIR* sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of *BASE\_DIR* to form the new user's home directory name, if the **-d** option is not used when creating a new account. This option sets the **HOME** variable in /etc/default/useradd. - **-e**, **--expiredate** *EXPIRE\_DATE* sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled. This option sets the **EXPIRE** variable in /etc/default/useradd. - **-f**, **--inactive** *INACTIVE* specifies the number of days after a password expires during which the user can still log in. After this period, the account is locked. This option sets the **INACTIVE** variable in /etc/default/useradd. - **-g**, **--gid** *GROUP* sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry. This option sets the **GROUP** variable in /etc/default/useradd. - **-s**, **--shell** *SHELL* defines the default login shell for new users. This option sets the **SHELL** variable in /etc/default/useradd. ## NOTES The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the /etc/skel/ directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in /etc/default/useradd or on the command line). ## CAVEATS You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server. Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, **useradd** will deny the user account creation request. Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, dashes, or dots. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be hidden in the **ls** output. Usernames may only be up to 256 characters long. ## CONFIGURATION The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool: **CREATE\_HOME** (boolean) Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users. This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overridden on the command line. **GID\_MAX** (number), **GID\_MIN** (number) Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by **useradd**, **groupadd**, or **newusers**. The default value for **GID\_MIN** (resp. **GID\_MAX**) is 1000 (resp. 60000). **HOME\_MODE** (number) The mode for new home directories. If not specified, the **UMASK** is used to create the mode. **useradd** and **newusers** use this to set the mode of the home directory they create. **LASTLOG\_UID\_MAX** (number) Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them. No **LASTLOG\_UID\_MAX** option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries. **MAIL\_DIR** (string) The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a compile-time default is used. The parameter CREATE\_MAIL\_SPOOL in /etc/default/useradd determines whether the mail spool should be created. **MAIL\_FILE** (string) Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory. The **MAIL\_DIR** and **MAIL\_FILE** variables are used by **useradd**, **usermod**, and **userdel** to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool. **MAX\_MEMBERS\_PER\_GROUP** (number) Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID). The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group. This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters. If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25. Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it. **PASS\_MAX\_DAYS** (number) The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be assumed (which disables the restriction). **PASS\_WARN\_AGE** (number) The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a value of -1 means no warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided. **SUB\_GID\_MIN** (number), **SUB\_GID\_MAX** (number), **SUB\_GID\_COUNT** (number) If /etc/subuid exists, the commands **useradd** and **newusers** (unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate **SUB\_GID\_COUNT** unused group IDs from the range **SUB\_GID\_MIN** to **SUB\_GID\_MAX** for each new user. The default values for **SUB\_GID\_MIN**, **SUB\_GID\_MAX**, **SUB\_GID\_COUNT** are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536. **SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC** (boolean) If set to *yes*, the commands **useradd**, **usermod**, and **newusers** will calculate subordinate GID ranges deterministically based on the user's UID instead of searching for the next free range. The formula used is: ``` start = SUB_GID_MIN + ((UID - UID_MIN) * SUB_GID_COUNT) end = start + SUB_GID_COUNT - 1 ``` This ensures the same UID always receives the same subordinate GID range on every system, making it suitable for environments with centralized user management (LDAP, NIS, etc.) or synchronized UIDs across systems. If **SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC** is enabled, you can use **usermod --add-subgids -S** to produce deterministic subgids. **WARNING**: Because **UID\_MIN** is used to calculate the ranges, any change of **UID\_MIN** will change the ranges calculated. **SUB\_GID\_COUNT** is used to calculate the ranges, any change of **SUB\_GID\_COUNT** will change the ranges calculated. Users with identities less than **UID\_MIN** are incompatible with **SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC**, but can still be set manually. **WARNING**: Do not mix deterministic and linear (default) allocation on the same system or across systems sharing /etc/subgid via network storage (NFS, etc.). Mixing allocation methods **will cause subordinate ID range conflicts and overlaps** . The default value for **SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC** is *no*. ### Range Calculation Examples With default configuration (**UID\_MIN**=1000, **SUB\_GID\_MIN**=100000, **SUB\_GID\_COUNT**=65536): | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **UID** | **Calculation** | **Subordinate GID Range** | | 1000 | 100000 + ((1000-1000) \* 65536) | 100000-165535 | | 1001 | 100000 + ((1001-1000) \* 65536) | 165536-231071 | | 1002 | 100000 + ((1002-1000) \* 65536) | 231072-296607 | | 1100 | 100000 + ((1100-1000) \* 65536) | 6653600-6719135 | ### Subordinate ID Space Planning When planning subordinate ID allocation, calculate the maximum number of users the space can accommodate: ``` capacity = (SUB_GID_MAX - SUB_GID_MIN) / SUB_GID_COUNT ``` With default values: (600100000 - 100000) / 65536 ≈ 9155 users. For high-density environments with many users and smaller allocations: ``` SUB_GID_COUNT 4096 SUB_GID_MIN 100000 SUB_GID_MAX 10000000 ``` This gives: (10000000 - 100000) / 4096 ≈ 2417 users. **UNSAFE\_SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC\_WRAP** (boolean) **WARNING: SECURITY RISK - MAY CAUSE RANGE OVERLAPS AND PRIVILEGE ESCALATION!** Only effective when **SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC** is set to *yes*. When set to *yes* (WRAP MODE), allows the deterministic range calculation to wrap around using modulo arithmetic when a UID would overflow the configured subordinate ID space. The subordinate ID space is treated as a ring buffer. **WARNING**: Range overlaps can lead to container escapes and privilege escalation. For example, with **SUB\_GID\_MIN**=100000, **SUB\_GID\_MAX**=200000, **SUB\_GID\_COUNT**=65536, User A (UID 1000) gets range \[100000, 165535\] and User B (UID 1001) wraps and overlaps with User A. User B's container can now access files from User A's containers. Use **only** in development, testing, or tightly constrained lab environments. When set to *no* (default), any arithmetic overflow or range exceeding **SUB\_GID\_MAX** is a hard error. This guarantees non-overlapping, monotonic allocation. The default value for **UNSAFE\_SUB\_GID\_DETERMINISTIC\_WRAP** is *no*. **SUB\_UID\_MIN** (number), **SUB\_UID\_MAX** (number), **SUB\_UID\_COUNT** (number) If /etc/subuid exists, the commands **useradd** and **newusers** (unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate **SUB\_UID\_COUNT** unused user IDs from the range **SUB\_UID\_MIN** to **SUB\_UID\_MAX** for each new user. The default values for **SUB\_UID\_MIN**, **SUB\_UID\_MAX**, **SUB\_UID\_COUNT** are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536. **SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC** (boolean) If set to *yes*, the commands **useradd**, **usermod**, and **newusers** will calculate subordinate UID ranges deterministically based on the user's UID instead of searching for the next free range. The formula used is: ``` start = SUB_UID_MIN + ((UID - UID_MIN) * SUB_UID_COUNT) end = start + SUB_UID_COUNT - 1 ``` This ensures the same UID always receives the same subordinate UID range on every system, making it suitable for environments with centralized user management (LDAP, NIS, etc.) or synchronized UIDs across systems. If **SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC** is enabled, you can use **usermod --add-subuids -S** to produce deterministic subuids. **WARNING**: Because **UID\_MIN** is used to calculate the ranges, any change of **UID\_MIN** will change the ranges calculated. **SUB\_UID\_COUNT** is used to calculate the ranges, any change of **SUB\_UID\_COUNT** will change the ranges calculated. Users with identities less than **UID\_MIN** are incompatible with **SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC**, but can still be set manually. **WARNING**: Do not mix deterministic and linear (default) allocation on the same system or across systems sharing /etc/subuid via network storage (NFS, etc.). Mixing allocation methods **will cause subordinate ID range conflicts and overlaps** . The default value for **SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC** is *no*. ### Range Calculation Examples With default configuration (**UID\_MIN**=1000, **SUB\_UID\_MIN**=100000, **SUB\_UID\_COUNT**=65536): | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **UID** | **Calculation** | **Subordinate UID Range** | | 1000 | 100000 + ((1000-1000) \* 65536) | 100000-165535 | | 1001 | 100000 + ((1001-1000) \* 65536) | 165536-231071 | | 1002 | 100000 + ((1002-1000) \* 65536) | 231072-296607 | | 1100 | 100000 + ((1100-1000) \* 65536) | 6653600-6719135 | ### Subordinate ID Space Planning When planning subordinate ID allocation, calculate the maximum number of users the space can accommodate: ``` capacity = (SUB_UID_MAX - SUB_UID_MIN) / SUB_UID_COUNT ``` With default values: (600100000 - 100000) / 65536 ≈ 9155 users. For high-density environments with many users and smaller allocations: ``` SUB_UID_COUNT 4096 SUB_UID_MIN 100000 SUB_UID_MAX 10000000 ``` This gives: (10000000 - 100000) / 4096 ≈ 2417 users. **UNSAFE\_SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC\_WRAP** (boolean) **WARNING: SECURITY RISK - MAY CAUSE RANGE OVERLAPS AND PRIVILEGE ESCALATION!** Only effective when **SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC** is set to *yes*. When set to *yes* (WRAP MODE), allows the deterministic range calculation to wrap around using modulo arithmetic when a UID would overflow the configured subordinate ID space. The subordinate ID space is treated as a ring buffer. **WARNING**: Range overlaps can lead to container escapes and privilege escalation. For example, with **SUB\_UID\_MIN**=100000, **SUB\_UID\_MAX**=200000, **SUB\_UID\_COUNT**=65536, User A (UID 1000) gets range \[100000, 165535\] and User B (UID 1001) wraps and overlaps with User A. User B's container can now access files from User A's containers. Use **only** in development, testing, or tightly constrained lab environments. When set to *no* (default), any arithmetic overflow or range exceeding **SUB\_UID\_MAX** is a hard error. This guarantees non-overlapping, monotonic allocation. The default value for **UNSAFE\_SUB\_UID\_DETERMINISTIC\_WRAP** is *no*. **SYS\_GID\_MAX** (number), **SYS\_GID\_MIN** (number) Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by **useradd**, **groupadd**, or **newusers**. The default value for **SYS\_GID\_MIN** (resp. **SYS\_GID\_MAX**) is 101 (resp. **GID\_MIN**-1). **SYS\_UID\_MAX** (number), **SYS\_UID\_MIN** (number) Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by **useradd** or **newusers**. The default value for **SYS\_UID\_MIN** (resp. **SYS\_UID\_MAX**) is 101 (resp. **UID\_MIN**-1). **UID\_MAX** (number), **UID\_MIN** (number) Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by **useradd** or **newusers**. The default value for **UID\_MIN** (resp. **UID\_MAX**) is 1000 (resp. 60000). **UMASK** (number) The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, the mask will be initialized to 022. **useradd** and **newusers** use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if **HOME\_MODE** is not set. It is also used by **pam\_umask** as the default umask value. **USERGROUPS\_ENAB** (boolean) If set to *yes*, **userdel** will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and **useradd** will create by default a group with the name of the user. ## FILES /etc/passwd User account information. /etc/shadow Secure user account information. /etc/group Group account information. /etc/gshadow Secure group account information. /etc/default/useradd Default values for account creation. /etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/\*, /etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/\* Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable **ACTION** will be populated with useradd and **SUBJECT** with the **username**. useradd-pre.d will be executed prior to any user addition. useradd-post.d will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate. /etc/skel/ Directory containing default files. /etc/subgid Per user subordinate group IDs. /etc/subuid Per user subordinate user IDs. /etc/login.defs Shadow password suite configuration. ## EXIT VALUES The **useradd** command exits with the following values: *0* success *1* can't update password file *2* invalid command syntax *3* invalid argument to option *4* UID already in use (and no **-o**) *6* specified group doesn't exist *9* username or group name already in use *10* can't update group file *12* can't create home directory *14* can't update SELinux user mapping *19* invalid user or group name ## SEE ALSO [**chfn**(1)](/chfn/1.md), [**chsh**(1)](/chsh/1.md), [**passwd**(1)](/passwd/1.md), [**crypt**(3)](/crypt/3.md), [**groupadd**(8)](/groupadd/8.md), [**groupdel**(8)](/groupdel/8.md), [**groupmod**(8)](/groupmod/8.md), [**login.defs**(5)](/login.defs/5.md), [**newusers**(8)](/newusers/8.md), [**subgid**(5)](/subgid/5.md), [**subuid**(5)](/subuid/5.md), [**userdel**(8)](/userdel/8.md), [**usermod**(8)](/usermod/8.md).