--- name: "r.topmodel" section: "1grass" platform: "linux" package: "grass-doc" version: "8.4.1-1" release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/r.topmodel" --- # r.topmodel(1grass) Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model. ## NAME **r.topmodel** - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model. ## KEYWORDS raster, hydrology, model ## SYNOPSIS **r.topmodel**\ **r.topmodel --help**\ **r.topmodel** \[-**p**\] **parameters**=*name* **topidxstats**=*name* **input**=*name* **output**=*name* \[**timestep**=*integer*\] \[**topidxclass**=*integer*\] \[**topidx**=*name*\] \[**ntopidxclasses**=*integer*\] \[**outtopidxstats**=*name*\] \[--**overwrite**\] \[--**help**\] \[--**verbose**\] \[--**quiet**\] \[--**ui**\] ### Flags: - **-p** Preprocess only and stop after generating outtopidxstats - **--overwrite** Allow output files to overwrite existing files - **--help** Print usage summary - **--verbose** Verbose module output - **--quiet** Quiet module output - **--ui** Force launching GUI dialog ### Parameters: - **parameters**=*name* **\[required\]** Name of input TOPMODEL parameters file - **topidxstats**=*name* **\[required\]** Name of input topographic index statistics file - **input**=*name* **\[required\]** Name of input rainfall and potential evapotranspiration data file - **output**=*name* **\[required\]** Name for output file - **timestep**=*integer* Time step\ Generate output for this time step - **topidxclass**=*integer* Topographic index class\ Generate output for this topographic index class - **topidx**=*name* Name of input topographic index raster map\ Must be clipped to the catchment boundary. Used for generating outtopidxstats - **ntopidxclasses**=*integer* Number of topographic index classes\ Used for generating outtopidxstats\ Default: *30* - **outtopidxstats**=*name* Name for output topographic index statistics file\ Requires topidx and ntopidxclasses ## DESCRIPTION *r.topmodel* simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model. ### Parameters description - **parameters** This file contains TOPMODEL parameters that describe the study area. Any lines starting with a # sign or empty lines are ignored.\ ``` # Subcatchment name Subcatchment 1 ################################################################################ # A [m^2]: Total subcatchment area 3.31697E+07 ################################################################################ # qs0 [m/h]: Initial subsurface flow per unit area # "The first streamflow input is assumed to represent # only the subsurface flow contribution in the watershed." # - Liaw (1988) 0.000075 # lnTe [ln(m^2/h)]: Areal average of the soil surface transmissivity 4. # m [m]: Parameter controlling the decline rate of transmissivity # See Beven and Kirkby (1979) 0.0125 # Sr0 [m]: Initial root zone storage deficit 0.0025 # Srmax [m]: Maximum root zone storage deficit 0.041 # td [h]: Unsaturated zone time delay per unit storage deficit if greater than 0 # OR # -alpha: Effective vertical hydraulic gradient if not greater than 0. # # For example, -10 means alpha=10. 60. # vch [m/h]: Main channel routing velocity 20000. # vr [m/h]: Internal subcatchment routing velocity 10000. ################################################################################ # infex: Calculate infiltration excess if not zero (integer) 0 # K0 [m/h]: Surface hydraulic conductivity 2. # psi [m]: Wetting front suction 0.1 # dtheta: Water content change across the wetting front 0.1 ################################################################################ # d [m]: Distance from the catchment outlet # The first value should be the mainstream distance from # the subcatchment outlet to the catchment outlet. # Ad_r: Cumulative area ratio of subcatchment (0.0 to 1.0) # The first and last values should be 0 and 1, respectively. # d Ad_r 0 0.0 1000 0.2 2000 0.4 3000 0.6 4000 0.8 5000 1.0 ``` - **input** - This file contains observed weather data.\ ``` # dt [h]: Time step 24 ################################################################################ # R [m/dt]: Rainfall # Ep [m/dt]: Potential evapotranspiration # R Ep 0.000033 0.000000 0.000053 0.011938 0.004821 0.000000 . . . ``` - **timestep** If a time step is specified, output will be generated for the specific time step in addition to the summary and total flows at the outlet. This parameter can be combined with **topidxclass** to specify a time step and topographic index class at the same time. If no **topidxclass** is given, output will be generated for all the topographic index classes. - **toptopidxclass** If a topographic index class is specified, output will be generated for the given topographic index class. This parameter can be combined with **timestep**. If no **timestep** is given, output will be generated for all the time steps. - **topidx**, **ntoptopidxclasses**, **outtoptopidxstats** The **topidx** map can optionally be used for creating a new topographic index statistics file. This map has to be already clipped to the catchment boundary. The entire range of topographic index values will be divided into **ntoptopidxclasses** and the area ratio of each class will be reported in the **outtoptopidxstats** file. These three parameters can be omitted unless a new **topidxstats** file needs to be created. ## REFERENCES - • Beven, K. J., 1984. Infiltration into a class of vertically non-uniform soils. Hydrological Sciences Journal 29 (4), 425-434. - • Beven, K. J., Kirkby, M. J., 1979. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin 24 (1), 43-69. - • Beven K. J., R. Lamb, P. Quinn, R. Romanowicz, and J. Freer, 1995. TOPMODEL, in V.P. Singh (Ed.). Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Water Resources Publications. - • Cho, H., 2000. GIS Hydrological Modeling System by Using Programming Interface of GRASS. Master’s Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, South Korea. - • Liaw, S. C., 1988. Streamflow Simulation Using a Physically Based Hydrologic Model in Humid Forested Watersheds. Dissertation, Colorado State University, CO. p163. - • Morel-Seytoux, H. J., Khanji, J., 1974. Derivation of an equation of infiltration. Water Resources Research 10 (4), 795-800. ## SEE ALSO *r.fill.dir,* *r.mapcalc,* *r.topidx*\ How to run r.topmodel ## AUTHORS Huidae Cho, Hydro Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, South Korea Based on TMOD9502.FOR by Keith Beven. ## SOURCE CODE Available at: r.topmodel source code (history) Accessed: Monday Feb 24 17:50:55 2025 Main index \| Raster index \| Topics index \| Keywords index \| Graphical index \| Full index © 2003-2025 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 8.4.1 Reference Manual