--- name: "perltoc" section: "1p" platform: "linux" package: "perl-5.004-doc" version: "5.004.05-6" release: "Debian 2.2 (Potato)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/perltoc/1p" --- # perltoc(1p) perltoc - perl documentation table of contents This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.\ **perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language**\ \ Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1998/07/20 23:12:17 $)**\ perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the *perlfaq1* manpage: General Questions About Perl, the *perlfaq2* manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, the *perlfaq3* manpage: Programming Tools, the *perlfaq4* manpage: Data Manipulation, the *perlfaq5* manpage: Files and Formats, the *perlfaq6* manpage: Regexps, the *perlfaq7* manpage: General Perl Language Issues, the *perlfaq8* manpage: System Interaction, the *perlfaq9* manpage: Networking\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97\ **perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $,** `$Date:` 1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.24 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/20 23:40:28 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ References, Tutorials \*Learning Perl \[2nd edition\] by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics\ \ \ MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.28 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/16 22:08:49 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/16 22:49:55 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\. There must be no space after the \<\< part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag\ \ \ a) If `@in` is sorted, and you want `@out` to be *sorted:*(this assumes all true values in the array), b) If you don't know whether `@in` is sorted:, c) Like (b), but `@in` contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but `@in` contains only small positive integers:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.24 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.22 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/16 14:01:07 $)\ \ Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different Delimiters\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.21 $,** `$Date:` 1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, Passing Methods\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.25 $,** `$Date:` 1998/07/05 15:07:20 $)\ \ \ \ Keyboard, Screen, Mouse\ \ \ \ \ \ \ lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input\ \ STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Unix\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.20 $,** `$Date:` 1998/06/22 18:31:09 $)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perldelta - what's new for perl5.005**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source compatibility issues\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ B, Data::Dumper, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re\ CGI, POSIX, DB\_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark\ \ \ Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%*s()*, qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax \[. .\] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax \[: :\] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax \[= =\] is reserved for future extensions, `%s:` Eval-group in insecure regular expression, `%s:` Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', `%s:` Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable `%s` of type `%s`, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed\ Can't *mktemp()*, Can't write to temp file for **-e**: `%s`, Cannot open temporary file\ \ \ \ **perldata - Perl data types**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlsyn - Perl syntax**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlop - Perl operators and precedence**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ unary &, unary \*, (TYPE)\ \ ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, `'STRING'`, qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, \`STRING\`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds\ Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'`, `m''`, `s'''`, `tr///`, `y///`, `''`, `q//`, `""`, ``` `` ```, `qq//`, `qx//`, ``, `?RE?`, `/RE/`, `m/RE/`, `s/RE/foo/`,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlre - Perl regular expressions**\ i, m, s, x\ `(?#text)`, `(?:pattern)`, `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)`, `(?=pattern)`, `(?!pattern)`, `(?<=pattern)`, `(?pattern)`, `(?(condition)yes-pattern⎪no-pattern)`, `(?(condition)yes-pattern)`, `(?imsx-imsx)`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter**\ \ \ OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh\ \ **-0**\[*digits*\], **-a**, **-c**, **-d**, **-d:***foo*, **-D***letters*, **-D***number*, **-e** *commandline*, **-F***pattern*, **-h**, **-i**\[*extension*\], **-I***directory*, **-l**\[*octnum*\], **-m**\[**-**\]*module*, **-M**\[**-**\]*module*, **-M**\[**-**\]*'module ...'*, **-\[mM\]**\[**-**\]*module=arg\[,arg\]...*, **-n**, **-p**, **-P**, **-s**, **-S**, **-T**, **-u**, **-U**, **-v**, **-V**, **-V:***name*, **-w**, **-x** *directory*\ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port), PERL\_DEBUG\_MSTATS, PERL\_DESTRUCT\_LEVEL\ **perlfunc - Perl builtin functions**\ \ Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real `@ARRAYs`, Functions for list data, Functions for real `%HASHes`, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5\ *-X* FILEHANDLE, *-X* EXPR, *-X*, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do *SUBROUTINE*(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///\ **perlvar - Perl predefined variables**\ \ $ARG, `$_`, $\<*digits*\>, `$MATCH`, $&, `$PREMATCH`, $\`, `$POSTMATCH`, $', `$LAST_PAREN_MATCH`, $+, `$MULTILINE_MATCHING`, $\*, input\_line\_number HANDLE EXPR, `$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER`, `$NR`, $, input\_record\_separator HANDLE EXPR, `$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`, `$RS`, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, `$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH`, $⎪, output\_field\_separator HANDLE EXPR, `$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR`, `$OFS`, $,, output\_record\_separator HANDLE EXPR, `$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR`, `$ORS`, $\\, `$LIST_SEPARATOR`, $", `$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR`, `$SUBSEP`, $;, `$OFMT`, $#, format\_page\_number HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER`, $%, format\_lines\_per\_page HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE`, $=, format\_lines\_left HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT`, $-, format\_name HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_NAME`, $~, format\_top\_name HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_TOP_NAME`, $^, format\_line\_break\_characters HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS`, `$:`, format\_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, `$FORMAT_FORMFEED`, $^L, `$ACCUMULATOR`, $^A, `$CHILD_ERROR`, $?, `$OS_ERROR`, `$ERRNO`, $!, `$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR`, $^E, `$EVAL_ERROR`, $@, `$PROCESS_ID`, `$PID`, $$, `$REAL_USER_ID`, `$UID`, $\<, `$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID`, `$EUID`, $\>, `$REAL_GROUP_ID`, `$GID`, $(, `$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID`, `$EGID`, $), `$PROGRAM_NAME`, `$0`, $\[, `$PERL_VERSION`, $\], `$DEBUGGING`, $^D, `$SYSTEM_FD_MAX`, $^F, $^H, `$INPLACE_EDIT`, $^I, $^M, `$OSNAME`, $^O, `$PERLDB`, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, `$BASETIME`, $^T, `$WARNING`, $^W, `$EXECUTABLE_NAME`, $^X, `$ARGV`, `@ARGV`, `@INC`, `@_`, `%INC`, `%ENV` `$ENV`{expr}, `%SIG` `$SIG`{expr}\ \ **perlsub - Perl subroutines**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially `$_`, 2. You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones**\ \ \ use autouse MODULE =\> *qw*(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars\ AnyDBM\_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB\_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM\_OS2, ExtUtils::MM\_Unix, ExtUtils::MM\_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM\_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM\_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM\_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent\ \ Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America\ \ Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module\ There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts *die*(...) to *croak*(...), Several other minor changes\ Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small\ \ **perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules**\ \ **DECOMPRESS** the file, **UNPACK** the file into a directory, **BUILD** the module (sometimes unnecessary), **INSTALL** the module\ \ \ \ **perlform - Perl formats**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **Comparison operators** (`lt`, `le`, `ge`, `gt` and `cmp`):, **Case-mapping interpolation** (with `\l`, `\L`, `\u` or `\U`), **Matching operator** (`m//`):, **Substitution operator** (`s///`):, **In-memory formatting function** (*sprintf()*):, **Output formatting** **functions** (*printf()* and *write()*):, **Case-mapping functions** (*lc()*, *lcfirst()*, *uc()*, *ucfirst()*):, **POSIX locale-dependent functions** (*localeconv()*, *strcoll()*,*strftime()*, *strxfrm()*):, **POSIX character class** **tests** (*isalnum()*, *isalpha()*, *isdigit()*,*isgraph()*, *islower()*, *isprint()*, *ispunct()*, *isspace()*, *isupper()*, *isxdigit()*):\ PERL\_BADLANG, LC\_ALL, LC\_CTYPE, LC\_COLLATE, LC\_MONETARY, LC\_NUMERIC, LC\_TIME, LANG\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlref - Perl references and nested data structures**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook**\ arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlobj - Perl objects**\ \ \ \ \ \ *isa*(CLASS), *can*(METHOD), *VERSION*( \[NEED\] )\ \ \ \ \ \ **perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable**\ \ \ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this\ TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, DESTROY this\ USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this\ TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this\ \ \ \ \ **perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ `Proto`, `PeerAddr`, `PeerPort`\ \ \ Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perldebug - Perl debugging**\ \ \ h \[command\], p expr, x expr, V \[pkg \[vars\]\], X \[vars\], T, s \[expr\], n \[expr\], \, c \[line⎪sub\], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w \[line\], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S \[\[!\]pattern\], t, t expr, b \[line\] \[condition\], b subname \[condition\], b postpone subname \[condition\], b load filename, b compile subname, d \[line\], D, a \[line\] command, A, W \[expr\], W, O \[opt\[=val\]\] \[opt"val"\] \[opt?\].., `recallCommand`, `ShellBang`, `pager`, `tkRunning`, `signalLevel`, `warnLevel`, `dieLevel`, `AutoTrace`, `LineInfo`, `inhibit_exit`, `PrintRet`, `ornaments`, `frame`, `maxTraceLen`, `arrayDepth`, `hashDepth`, `compactDump`, `veryCompact`, `globPrint`, `DumpDBFiles`, `DumpPackages`, `DumpReused`, `quote`, `HighBit`, `undefPrint`, `UsageOnly`, `TTY`, `noTTY`, `ReadLine`, `NonStop`, \< \[ command \], \<\< command, \> command, \>\> command, { \[ command \], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, ⎪dbcmd, ⎪⎪dbcmd, command, m expr, m package\ Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)`, Free/Used, `Total sbrk():` `SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS`, `pad: 0`, `heads: 2192`, `chain: 0`, `tail:` `6144`\ `717`, `002`, `054`, `602`, `702`, `704`\ `!!!`, `!!`, `!`\ \ \ `anchored` *STRING* `at` *POS*, `floating` *STRING* `at` *POS1..POS2*, `matching floating/anchored`, `minlen`, `stclass` *TYPE*, `noscan`, `isall`, `GPOS`, `plus`, `implicit`, `with eval`, `anchored(TYPE)`\ \ \ **perldiag - various Perl diagnostics**\ \ **perlsec - Perl security**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps\ Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance\ Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing\ Numerical, Numerical, Numerical\ (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)\ (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)\ Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence\ Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression\ (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), *warn()* won't let you specify a filehandle\ (SysV), (SysV)\ Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation\ DBM, DBM\ `require`/`do` trap using returned value, `split` on empty string with LIMIT specified\ **perlport - Writing portable Perl**\ Not all Perl programs have to be portable, The vast majority of Perl **is** portable\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: `http://www.connect.net/gbarr/cpan-test/`\ \ \ The djgpp environment for DOS, `http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/`, The EMX environment for DOS, OS/2, etc. `emx@iaehv.nl`,`http://www.juge.com/bbs/Hobb.19.html`, Build instructions for Win32, the *perlwin32* manpage, The ActiveState Pages, `http://www.activestate.com/`\ The MacPerl Pages, `http://www.ptf.com/macperl/`, The MacPerl mailing list, `mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch`\ the *perlvms.pod* manpage, vmsperl list, `vmsperl-request@newman.upenn.edu`, vmsperl on the web, `http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html`\ perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at `http://as400.rochester.ibm.com`\ Atari, Guido Flohr's page `http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/`, HP 300 MPE/iX `http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html`, Novell Netware\ \ \-*X* FILEHANDLE, -*X* EXPR, -*X*, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS\ \ \ **perlstyle - Perl style guide**\ \ **perlpod - plain old documentation**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlbook - Perl book information**\ \ **perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program**\ \ **Use C from Perl?**, **Use a Unix program from Perl?**, **Use Perl from** **Perl?**, **Use C from C?**, **Use Perl from C?**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.**\ \ **PerlIO \***, **PerlIO\_stdin()**, **PerlIO\_stdout()**, **PerlIO\_stderr()**, **PerlIO\_open(path, mode)**, **PerlIO\_fdopen(fd,mode)**, **PerlIO\_printf(f,fmt,...)**, **PerlIO\_vprintf(f,fmt,a)**, **PerlIO\_stdoutf(fmt,...)**, **PerlIO\_read(f,buf,count)**, **PerlIO\_write(f,buf,count)**, **PerlIO\_close(f)**, **PerlIO\_puts(f,s)**, **PerlIO\_putc(f,c)**, **PerlIO\_ungetc(f,c)**, **PerlIO\_getc(f)**, **PerlIO\_eof(f)**, **PerlIO\_error(f)**, **PerlIO\_fileno(f)**, **PerlIO\_clearerr(f)**, **PerlIO\_flush(f)**, **PerlIO\_tell(f)**, **PerlIO\_seek(f,o,w)**, **PerlIO\_getpos(f,p)**, **PerlIO\_setpos(f,p)**, **PerlIO\_rewind(f)**, **PerlIO\_tmpfile()**\ **PerlIO\_importFILE(f,flags)**, **PerlIO\_exportFILE(f,flags)**, **PerlIO\_findFILE(f)**, **PerlIO\_releaseFILE(p,f)**, **PerlIO\_setlinebuf(f)**, **PerlIO\_has\_cntptr(f)**, **PerlIO\_get\_ptr(f)**, **PerlIO\_get\_cnt(f)**, **PerlIO\_canset\_cnt(f)**, **PerlIO\_fast\_gets(f)**, **PerlIO\_set\_ptrcnt(f,p,c)**, **PerlIO\_set\_cnt(f,c)**, **PerlIO\_has\_base(f)**, **PerlIO\_get\_base(f)**, **PerlIO\_get\_bufsiz(f)**\ **perlxs - XS language reference manual**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ `SAVEINT(int i)`, `SAVEIV(IV i)`, `SAVEI32(I32 i)`, `SAVELONG(long i)`, `SAVESPTR(s)`, `SAVEPPTR(p)`, `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)`, `SAVEFREEOP(OP` `*op)`, `SAVEFREEPV(p)`, `SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)`, `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char` `*key, I32 length)`, `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)`, `SAVESTACK_POS()`, `SV*` `save_scalar(GV *gv)`, `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)`, `HV* save_hash(GV *gv)`, `void save_item(SV *item)`, `void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)`, `SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)`, `void save_aptr(AV **aptr)`, `void` `save_hptr(HV **hptr)`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ av\_clear, av\_extend, av\_fetch, AvFILL, av\_len, av\_make, av\_pop, av\_push, av\_shift, av\_store, av\_undef, av\_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, PL\_DBsingle, PL\_DBsub, PL\_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL\_dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, do\_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm\_compile, fbm\_instr, FREETMPS, G\_ARRAY, G\_DISCARD, G\_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME\_V, G\_NOARGS, G\_SCALAR, gv\_fetchmeth, gv\_fetchmethod, gv\_fetchmethod\_autoload, G\_VOID, gv\_stashpv, gv\_stashsv, GvSV, HEf\_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY\_force, HeSVKEY\_set, HeVAL, hv\_clear, hv\_delayfree\_ent, hv\_delete, hv\_delete\_ent, hv\_exists, hv\_exists\_ent, hv\_fetch, hv\_fetch\_ent, hv\_free\_ent, hv\_iterinit, hv\_iterkey, hv\_iterkeysv, hv\_iternext, hv\_iternextsv, hv\_iterval, hv\_magic, HvNAME, hv\_store, hv\_store\_ent, hv\_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks\_like\_number, MARK, mg\_clear, mg\_copy, mg\_find, mg\_free, mg\_get, mg\_len, mg\_magical, mg\_set, Move, PL\_na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV\_inc, newRV\_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl\_alloc, perl\_call\_argv, perl\_call\_method, perl\_call\_pv, perl\_call\_sv, perl\_construct, perl\_destruct, perl\_eval\_sv, perl\_eval\_pv, perl\_free, perl\_get\_av, perl\_get\_cv, perl\_get\_hv, perl\_get\_sv, perl\_parse, perl\_require\_pv, perl\_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv\_2mortal, sv\_bless, sv\_catpv, sv\_catpv\_mg, sv\_catpvn, sv\_catpvn\_mg, sv\_catpvf, sv\_catpvf\_mg, sv\_catsv, sv\_catsv\_mg, sv\_chop, sv\_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR\_set, sv\_dec, sv\_derived\_from, sv\_derived\_from, SvEND, sv\_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv\_grow, sv\_inc, sv\_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK\_off, SvIOK\_on, SvIOK\_only, SvIOKp, sv\_isa, sv\_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv\_len, sv\_magic, sv\_mortalcopy, sv\_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK\_off, SvNIOKp, PL\_sv\_no, SvNOK, SvNOK\_off, SvNOK\_on, SvNOK\_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK\_off, SvPOK\_on, SvPOK\_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV\_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT\_dec, SvREFCNT\_inc, SvROK, SvROK\_off, SvROK\_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, sv\_setiv, sv\_setiv\_mg, sv\_setnv, sv\_setnv\_mg, sv\_setpv, sv\_setpv\_mg, sv\_setpviv, sv\_setpviv\_mg, sv\_setpvn, sv\_setpvn\_mg, sv\_setpvf, sv\_setpvf\_mg, sv\_setref\_iv, sv\_setref\_nv, sv\_setref\_pv, sv\_setref\_pvn, SvSetSV, SvSetSV\_nosteal, sv\_setsv, sv\_setsv\_mg, sv\_setuv, sv\_setuv\_mg, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED\_off, SvTAINTED\_on, SVt\_IV, SVt\_PV, SVt\_PVAV, SVt\_PVCV, SVt\_PVHV, SVt\_PVMG, SVt\_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, PL\_sv\_undef, sv\_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv\_upgrade, sv\_usepvn, sv\_usepvn\_mg, *sv\_vcatpvfn*(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used\_locale), *sv\_vsetpvfn*(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used\_locale), SvUV, SvUVX, PL\_sv\_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN\_EMPTY, XSRETURN\_IV, XSRETURN\_NO, XSRETURN\_NV, XSRETURN\_PV, XSRETURN\_UNDEF, XSRETURN\_YES, XST\_mIV, XST\_mNV, XST\_mNO, XST\_mPV, XST\_mUNDEF, XST\_mYES, XS\_VERSION, XS\_VERSION\_BOOTCHECK, Zero\ \ **perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C**\ An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program\ **perl\_call\_sv**, **perl\_call\_pv**, **perl\_call\_method**, **perl\_call\_argv**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback\ \ \ \ \ \ **perlhist - the Perl history records**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine**\ \ method, locked\ **re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour**\ \ \ **autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used**\ \ \ \ \ \ **base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time**\ \ \ \ **blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package**\ \ \ \ \ **constant - Perl pragma to declare constants**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **fields - compile-time class fields**\ \ \ \ **integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of double**\ \ \ **less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler**\ \ \ **lib - manipulate** `@INC` at compile time\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations**\ \ \ **overload - Package for overloading perl operations**\ \ \ \ \ FALSE, TRUE, `undef`\ \ *Arithmetic operations*, *Comparison operations*, *Bit operations*, *Increment and decrement*, *Transcendental functions*, *Boolean, string* *and numeric conversion*, *Special*\ Strings as values of `use overload` directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes\ \ \ `undef`, TRUE, defined, but FALSE\ **Example**\ *Assignment forms of arithmetic operations*, *Conversion operations*, *Increment and decrement*, `abs($a)`, *Unary minus*, *Negation*, *Concatenation*, *Comparison operations*, *Copy operator*\ \ \ *overload::StrVal*(arg), *overload::Overloaded*(arg), *overload::Method*(obj,op)\ integer, float, binary, q, qr\ \ \ \ \ **sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling**\ \ \ \ **stack-trace**, **die**, **handler** *your-handler*\ **normal-signals**, **error-signals**, **old-interface-signals**\ **untrapped**, **any**, *signal*, *number*\ \ **strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs**\ \ `strict refs`, `strict vars`, `strict subs`\ **subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names**\ \ \ **vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names**\ \ \ **AnyDBM\_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs**\ \ \ \[0\], \[1\], \[2\], \[3\]\ \ **AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading**\ \ $keep, `$check`, `$modtime`\ \ \ **B - The Perl Compiler**\ \ \ \ \ REFCNT, FLAGS\ IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv\ NV, NVX\ RV\ PV\ MAGIC, SvSTASH\ MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR\ TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG\ USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE\ NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS\ LINES, PAGE, PAGE\_LEN, LINES\_LEFT, TOP\_NAME, TOP\_GV, FMT\_NAME, FMT\_GV, BOTTOM\_NAME, BOTTOM\_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS\ FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS\ STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY\ FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY\ \ next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private\ first\ last\ other\ true, false\ children\ pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp\ sv\ gv\ pv\ redoop, nextop, lastop\ label, stash, filegv, cop\_seq, arybase, line\ main\_cv, main\_root, main\_start, comppadlist, sv\_undef, sv\_yes, sv\_no, *walkoptree*(OP, METHOD), *walkoptree\_debug*(DEBUG), *walksymtable*(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), *svref\_2object*(SV), *ppname*(OPNUM), *hash*(STR), *cast\_I32*(I), minus\_c, *cstring*(STR), *class*(OBJ), threadsv\_names, *byteload\_fh*(FILEHANDLE)\ \ **B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode**\ \ \ \ **B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode**\ \ \ \ **B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks**\ \ \ \ **B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend**\ \ \ **-ofilename**, **--**, **-f**, **-fcompress-nullops**, **-fomit-sequence-numbers**, **-fbypass-nullops**, **-fstrip-syntax-tree**, **-On**, **-D**, **-Do**, **-Db**, **-Da**, **-DC**, **-S**, **-m**\ \ \ **B::C - Perl compiler's C backend**\ \ \ **-ofilename**, **-v**, **--**, **-uPackname**, **-D**, **-Do**, **-Dc**, **-DA**, **-DC**, **-DM**, **-f**, **-fcog**, **-fno-cog**, **-On**\ \ \ \ **B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend**\ \ \ **-ofilename**, **-v**, **--**, **-uPackname**, **-mModulename**, **-D**, **-Dr**, **-DO**, **-Ds**, **-Dp**, **-Dq**, **-Dl**, **-Dt**, **-f**, **-ffreetmps-each-bblock**, **-ffreetmps-each-loop**, **-fomit-taint**, **-On**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops**\ \ \ \ **B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code**\ \ \ **-p**, **-u***PACKAGE*, **-l**, **-s***LETTERS*, **C**\ \ \ **B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode**\ \ \ \ **B::Lint - Perl lint**\ \ \ **context**, **implicit-read** and **implicit-write**, **dollar-underscore**, **private-names**, **undefined-subs**, **regexp-variables**, **all**, **none**\ **-u Package**\ \ \ **B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends**\ \ \ \ \ \ **B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files**\ \ \ \ **B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend**\ \ \ \ **B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops**\ \ \ \ **B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs**\ \ \ `-oFILENAME`, `-r`, `-D[tO]`\ \ \ **Benchmark - benchmark running times of code**\ \ \ new, debug\ *timeit*(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, \[ TITLE, \[ STYLE \]\] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, \[ STYLE \] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, \[ STYLE, \[ FORMAT \] \] )\ clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )\ \ \ \ \ \ **CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class**\ \ \ \ \ 1\. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **:cgi**, **:form**, **:html2**, **:html3**, **:netscape**, **:html**, **:standard**, **:all**\ \-any, -compile, -nph, -autoload, -no\_debug, -private\_tempfiles\ \ \ \ **Parameters:**, 4, 5, 6..\ \ \ **-absolute**, **-relative**, **-full**, **-path** (**-path\_info**), **-query** (**-query\_string**)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **application/x-www-form-urlencoded**, **multipart/form-data**\ **Parameters**\ \ \ **Parameters**\ \ **Parameters:**\ **Parameters:**\ **Parameters:**\ **Parameters:**\ **Parameters:**\ \ \ **Parameters:**\ **Parameters:**, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE\ \ 1\. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, **-name**, **-value**, **-path**, **-domain**, **-expires**, **-secure**\ 1\. Create a \ document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the \ tag\ \ \ \ **accept()**, **raw\_cookie()**, **user\_agent()**, **path\_info()**, **path\_translated()**, **remote\_host()**, **script\_name()**Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, **referer()**, **auth\_type ()**, **server\_name ()**, **virtual\_host** **()**, **server\_software ()**, **remote\_user ()**, **user\_name ()**, **request\_method()**\ In the **use** statement, By calling the **nph()** method:, By using **-nph** parameters in the **header()** and **redirect()** statements:\ *multipart\_init()* *multipart\_init*(-boundary=\>$boundary);, *multipart\_start()*, *multipart\_end()*\ **$CGI::POST\_MAX**, **$CGI::DISABLE\_UPLOADS**, **1. On a script-by-script** **basis**, **2. Globally for all scripts**\ \ \ Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish \, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..\ \ \ \ **CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp** - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies**\ \ \ **1. expiration date**, **2. domain**, **3. path**, **4. secure flag**\ \ \ \ **name()**, **value()**, **domain()**, **path()**, **expires()**\ \ \ \ **CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push**\ \ \ \-next\_page, -last\_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first object available**\ \ \ \ \ **CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites**\ \ \ Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or distribution, Signals\ \ \ \ \ *expand*($type,@things), Programming Examples\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ o conf \, o conf \ \, o conf \, o conf \ \[shift⎪pop\], o conf \ \[unshift⎪push⎪splice\] \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization**\ \ \ **CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module**\ \ \ \ **Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)**\ \ \ \ **Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes**\ \ \ \ Scalar (`'$'` or `'*$'`), Array (`'@'` or `'*@'`), Hash (`'%'` or `'*%'`), Class (`'Class_Name'` or `'*Class_Name'`)\ Example 1, Example 2\ \ **Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory**\ \ \ **DB\_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x**\ \ **DB\_HASH**, **DB\_BTREE**, **DB\_RECNO**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **$X-\>push(list) ;**, **$value = $X-\>pop ;**, **$X-\>shift**, **$X-\>unshift(list) ;**, **$X-\>length**\ \ **$status = $X-\>get($key, $value \[, $flags\]) ;**, **$status =** **$X-\>put($key, $value \[, $flags\]) ;**, **$status = $X-\>del($key \[,** **$flags\]) ;**, **$status = $X-\>fd ;**, **$status = $X-\>seq($key,** **$value, $flags) ;**, **$status = $X-\>sync(\[$flags\]) ;**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and** `eval`\ \ \ *PACKAGE*-\>*new*(*ARRAYREF \[*, *ARRAYREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>Dump *or* *PACKAGE*-\>*Dump*(*ARRAYREF \[*, *ARRAYREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>Dumpxs *or* *PACKAGE*-\>*Dumpxs*(*ARRAYREF \[*, *ARRAYREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>*Seen*(*\[HASHREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>*Values*(*\[ARRAYREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>*Names*(*\[ARRAYREF\]*), *$OBJ*-\>Reset\ *Dumper*(*LIST*), *DumperX*(*LIST*)\ $Data::Dumper::Indent *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Indent*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Purity` *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Purity*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Pad` *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Pad*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Varname` *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Varname*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Useqq` *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Useqq*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Terse` *or* *$OBJ*-\>*Terse*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Freezer` *or* $*OBJ*-\>*Freezer*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Toaster` *or* $*OBJ*-\>*Toaster*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy` *or* $*OBJ*-\>*Deepcopy*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys` *or* $*OBJ*-\>*Quotekeys*(*\[NEWVAL\]*), `$Data::Dumper::Bless` *or* $*OBJ*-\>*Bless*(*\[NEWVAL\]*)\ Dumper\ \ \ \ \ \ **Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module**\ \ \ **DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles**\ \ \ **English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables**\ \ \ **Env - perl module that imports environment variables**\ \ \ \ **Exporter - Implements default import method for modules**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.**\ \ cat, eqtime src dst, rm\_f files..., rm\_f files..., touch files .., mv source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory.., test\_f file\ \ \ \ **ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications**\ \ \ \ *xsinit()*, Examples, *ldopts()*, Examples, *perl\_inc()*, *ccflags()*, *ccdlflags()*, *ccopts()*, *xsi\_header()*, *xsi\_protos*(@modules), *xsi\_body*(@modules)\ \ \ \ **ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there**\ \ \ **ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules**\ \ \ \ *new()*, *modules()*, *files()*, *directories()*, *directory\_tree()*, *validate()*, *packlist()*, *version()*\ \ \ **ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them**\ \ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **ExtUtils::MM\_OS2 - methods to override UN\*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker**\ \ \ **ExtUtils::MM\_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker**\ \ \ \ canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir\ c\_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const\_cccmd (o), const\_config (o), const\_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir\_target (o), dist (o), dist\_basics (o), dist\_ci (o), dist\_core (o), dist\_dir (o), dist\_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic\_bs (o), dynamic\_lib (o), exescan, extliblist, file\_name\_is\_absolute, find\_perl\ fixin, force (o), guess\_name, has\_link\_code, init\_dirscan, init\_main, init\_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe\_command, maybe\_command\_in\_dirs, needs\_linking (o), nicetext, parse\_version, parse\_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl\_script, perldepend (o), ppd, perm\_rw (o), perm\_rwx (o), pm\_to\_blib, post\_constants (o), post\_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), replace\_manpage\_separator, static (o), static\_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir\_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test\_via\_harness (o), test\_via\_script (o), tool\_autosplit (o), tools\_other (o), tool\_xsubpp (o), top\_targets (o), writedoc, xs\_c (o), xs\_o (o), perl\_archive, export\_list\ \ **ExtUtils::MM\_VMS - methods to override UN\*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker**\ \ \ eliminate\_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)\ guess\_name (override), find\_perl (override), path (override), maybe\_command (override), maybe\_command\_in\_dirs (override), perl\_script (override), file\_name\_is\_absolute (override), replace\_manpage\_separator, init\_others (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const\_cccmd (override), pm\_to\_blib (override), tool\_autosplit (override), tool\_sxubpp (override), xsubpp\_version (override), tools\_other (override), dist (override), c\_o (override), xs\_c (override), xs\_o (override), top\_targets (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic\_lib (override), dynamic\_bs (override), static\_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir\_x (override), clean (override), realclean (override), dist\_basics (override), dist\_core (override), dist\_dir (override), dist\_test (override), install (override), perldepend (override), makefile (override), test (override), test\_via\_harness (override), test\_via\_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext (override)\ **ExtUtils::MM\_Win32 - methods to override UN\*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker**\ \ catfile, constants (o), static\_lib (o), dynamic\_bs (o), dynamic\_lib (o), canonpath, perl\_script, pm\_to\_blib, test\_via\_harness (o), tool\_autosplit (override), tools\_other (o), xs\_o (o), top\_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist\_ci (o), dist\_core (o), pasthru (o)\ **ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL\_FUNCS, DL\_VARS, EXCLUDE\_EXT, EXE\_FILES, NO\_VC, FIRST\_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE\_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST\_ARCHLIB, INST\_BIN, INST\_EXE, INST\_LIB, INST\_MAN1DIR, INST\_MAN3DIR, INST\_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL\_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP\_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS\_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL\_ARCHLIB, PERL\_LIB, PERL\_SRC, PERM\_RW, PERM\_RWX, PL\_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ\_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION\_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS\_VERSION\ clean, depend, dist, dynamic\_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, tool\_autosplit\ \ \ make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci\ \ \ \ **ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file**\ \ \ \ \ \ `Not in MANIFEST:` *file*, `No such file:` *file*, `MANIFEST:` *$!*, `Added to MANIFEST:` *file*\ \ \ **ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader**\ \ \ **ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension**\ \ NAME, DL\_FUNCS, DL\_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE\ \ \ **ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files**\ \ \ \ *new()*, *read()*, *write()*, *validate()*, *packlist\_file()*\ \ \ **ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/\* directories to** `@INC`\ \ \ **Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die**\ \ \ \ **Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines**\ \ \ \ \ **File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces**\ \ fileparse\_set\_fstype, fileparse\ `basename`, `dirname`\ **File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree**\ \ \ **File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles**\ \ \ \ \ **File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles**\ \ \ *rmscopy*($from,$to\[,$date\_flag\])\ \ \ **File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **File::Find, find - traverse a file tree**\ \ \ \ **File::Path - create or remove a series of directories**\ \ \ \ \ **File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names**\ \ \ \ \ **File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS**\ \ \ canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, file\_name\_is\_absolute, path\ \ **File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs**\ \ \ **File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec**\ \ \ canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, no\_upwards, file\_name\_is\_absolute, path, join, nativename\ \ **File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs**\ \ \ catdir, catfile, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override), path (override), file\_name\_is\_absolute (override)\ **File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs**\ \ catfile, canonpath\ **File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in** *stat()* functions\ \ \ \ \ **FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits**\ \ \ \ **FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles**\ \ $fh-\>print, `$fh`-\>printf, `$fh`-\>getline, `$fh`-\>getlines\ \ **FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **GDBM\_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.**\ \ \ \ \ \ **Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line options**\ \ !, +, :s, :i, :f\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ default, auto\_abbrev, getopt\_compat, require\_order, permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling\_override (default: reset), ignore\_case (default: set), ignore\_case\_always (default: reset), pass\_through (default: reset), prefix, prefix\_pattern, debug (default: reset)\ $Getopt::Long::VERSION, `$Getopt::Long::error`\ \ \ **Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering**\ \ \ **I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale**\ \ \ **IO - load various IO modules**\ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles**\ \ \ new (\[ ARGS \] ), new\_tmpfile\ *open*( FILENAME \[,MODE \[,PERMS\]\] )\ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles**\ \ \ new (), new\_from\_fd ( FD, MODE )\ $fh-\>fdopen ( FD, MODE ), `$fh`-\>opened, `$fh`-\>getline, `$fh`-\>getlines, `$fh`-\>ungetc ( ORD ), `$fh`-\>write ( BUF, LEN \[, OFFSET }\\\] ), `$fh`-\>flush, `$fh`-\>error, `$fh`-\>clearerr, `$fh`-\>untaint\ \ \ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes**\ \ \ new ( \[READER, WRITER\] )\ reader (\[ARGS\]), writer (\[ARGS\]), handles ()\ \ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects**\ \ \ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call**\ \ \ new ( \[ HANDLES \] )\ add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can\_read ( \[ TIMEOUT \] ), can\_write ( \[ TIMEOUT \] ), has\_error ( \[ TIMEOUT \] ), count (), *bits()*, *bits()*, select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR \[, TIMEOUT \] )\ \ \ \ **IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications**\ \ \ new ( \[ARGS\] )\ *accept*(\[PKG\]), *timeout*(\[VAL\]), *sockopt*(OPT \[, VAL\]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol\ \ \ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()\ \ *hostpath()*, *peerpath()*\ \ \ \ **IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing**\ \ \ \ \ **IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling**\ \ \ \ **IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants**\ \ *ftok*( PATH, ID )\ \ \ \ **IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class**\ \ \ new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN \[, TYPE \[, FLAGS \]\] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =\> VALUE \[, NAME =\> VALUE ...\] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG \[, FLAGS \] ), stat\ \ \ \ **IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class**\ \ \ new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =\> VALUE \[, NAME =\> VALUE ...\] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat\ \ \ \ **Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package**\ \ number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to\ \ \ **Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package**\ \ Canonical notation, Input, Output\ \ \ \ \ **Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **Math::Trig - trigonometric functions**\ \ \ **tan**\ \ \ \ \ \ cartesian\_to\_cylindrical, cartesian\_to\_spherical, cylindrical\_to\_cartesian, cylindrical\_to\_spherical, spherical\_to\_cartesian, spherical\_to\_cylindrical\ \ \ \ \ **NDBM\_File - Tied access to ndbm files**\ \ \ **Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability**\ \ \ Net::Ping-\>*new*(\[$proto \[, `$def_timeout` \[, `$bytes`\]\]\]);, `$p`-\>*ping*($host \[, `$timeout`\]);, `$p`-\>*close()*;, *pingecho*($host \[, `$timeout`\]);\ \ \ **Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost\*() functions**\ \ \ \ \ \ **Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet\*() functions**\ \ \ \ \ \ **Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto\*() functions**\ \ \ \ \ **Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv\*() functions**\ \ \ \ \ \ **ODBM\_File - Tied access to odbm files**\ \ \ **Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code**\ \ \ \ \ an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)\ opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset\_to\_ops (OPSET), opset\_to\_hex (OPSET), full\_opset, empty\_opset, invert\_opset (OPSET), verify\_opset (OPSET, ...), define\_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask\_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)\ \ \ :base\_core, :base\_mem, :base\_loop, :base\_io, :base\_orig, :base\_math, :base\_thread, :default, :filesys\_read, :sys\_db, :browse, :filesys\_open, :filesys\_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still\_to\_be\_decided, :dangerous\ \ \ **Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments**\ \ a new namespace, an operator mask\ \ \ permit (OP, ...), permit\_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny\_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share\_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)\ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes\ \ **Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling**\ \ \ \ **POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1**\ \ \ \ \ \_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write\ \ new\ new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember\ new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c\_cc field values, c\_cflag field values, c\_iflag field values, c\_lflag field values, c\_oflag field values\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants, Macros\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants\ Constants, Macros\ \ **Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML**\ \ \ help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose\ \ \ \ \ \ **Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text**\ \ \ \ \ **SDBM\_File - Tied access to sdbm files**\ \ \ **Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file**\ \ \ **SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle**\ \ \ **SelfLoader - load functions only on demand**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ **Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl**\ \ \ \ **Socket, sockaddr\_in, sockaddr\_un, inet\_aton, inet\_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators** \ \ inet\_aton HOSTNAME, inet\_ntoa IP\_ADDRESS, INADDR\_ANY, INADDR\_BROADCAST, INADDR\_LOOPBACK, INADDR\_NONE, sockaddr\_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr\_in SOCKADDR\_IN, pack\_sockaddr\_in PORT, IP\_ADDRESS, unpack\_sockaddr\_in SOCKADDR\_IN, sockaddr\_un PATHNAME, sockaddr\_un SOCKADDR\_UN, pack\_sockaddr\_un PATH, unpack\_sockaddr\_un SOCKADDR\_UN\ **Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names**\ \ \ **Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname**\ \ \ \ **Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX** [*syslog*(3)](/syslog/3.md) calls\ \ openlog `$ident`, `$logopt`, `$facility`, syslog `$priority`, `$format`, `@args`, setlogmask `$mask_priority`, setlogsock `$sock_type` (added in 5.004\_02), closelog\ \ \ \ \ **Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface**\ \ \ \ **Term::Complete - Perl word completion module**\ \ \, ^D, ^U, \, \\ \ \ \ **Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various** `readline` packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.\ \ \ `ReadLine`, `new`, `readline`, `addhistory`, `IN`, $`OUT`, `MinLine`, `findConsole`, Attribs, `Features`\ `tkRunning`, `ornaments`, `newTTY`\ \ \ **Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts**\ \ \ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS\ \ \ \ **Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics**\ \ \ \ \ `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s`, `FAILED tests` `%s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.`, `Test returned status %d (wstat` `%d)`, `Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s`, `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.` `%s`\ \ \ \ \ **Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list**\ \ \ \ **Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays**\ \ \ 0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our `$delim`, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the backslashed double-quote)\ \ **Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth**\ \ \ \ \ \ **Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix** [*expand*(1)](/expand/1.md) and [*unexpand*(1)](/unexpand/1.md)\ \ \ \ \ **Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs**\ \ \ \ \ \ **Thread - multithreading**\ \ \ new \\&start\_sub, new \\&start\_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread-\>self, Thread-\>list, cond\_wait VARIABLE, cond\_signal VARIABLE, cond\_broadcast VARIABLE\ join, eval, tid\ \ \ **Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues**\ \ \ new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue\_nb, pending\ \ **Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores**\ \ \ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER\ **Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably**\ \ \ \ **Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys**\ \ **Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays**\ \ TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST\ \ \ **Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles**\ \ TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this\ \ **Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes**\ \ TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this\ \ \ **Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys**\ \ \ \ \ \ \ **Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars**\ \ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this\ \ **Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing**\ \ \ \ **Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time**\ \ \ **Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in** *gmtime()* function\ \ \ \ \ **Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in** *localtime()* function\ \ \ \ \ **Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime**\ \ \ \ **UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)**\ \ isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( \[ REQUIRE \] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )\ **User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr\*() functions**\ \ \ \ \ **User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw\*() functions**\ \ \ \ Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Larry Wall \<*larry@wall.org*\>, with the help of oodles of other folks.