---
name: "newinclude"
section: "1"
platform: "linux"
package: "fastforward"
version: "1:0.51-10"
release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/newinclude"
---

# newinclude(1)

create a binary mailing list from an :include: file

## NAME

newinclude - create a binary mailing list from an :include: file

## SYNOPSIS

**newinclude** *list*

## DESCRIPTION

**newinclude** reads a sendmail-style **:include:** file, *list*, and converts it into a binary format in *list**.bin*** for use by **fastforward**.

**newinclude** first writes the mailing list to *list**.tmp***, and then moves it to *list**.bin***. If there is any problem creating *list**.tmp***, **newinclude** leaves *list**.bin*** alone.

**newinclude** always creates *list**.bin*** world-readable.

**COMPATIBILITY WARNING:** sendmail reads *list* directly; **fastforward** needs *list**.bin***. sendmail's strategy is a disaster if you save *list* to disk at the same moment that sendmail reads it; the list will be truncated at a random spot, perhaps in the middle of an address. Furthermore, if the system crashes while you are writing *list*, *list* could be filled with all sorts of garbage.

## LIST FORMAT

*list* may contain any number of lines; each line may contain any number of addresses or further **:include:** files. See [**newaliases**(1)](/newaliases/1.md) for details on the address format. Any line in *file* beginning with # is ignored.

**COMPATIBILITY WARNING:** **newinclude** does not support file or program deliveries in **:include:** files. You can use the secure delivery mechanisms described in **[dot-qmail(5)](/dot-qmail/5.md)** instead.

**COMPATIBILITY WARNING:** Versions of sendmail before V8 did not allow comments in **:include:** files.

## SEE ALSO

[fastforward(1)](/fastforward/1.md), [newaliases(1)](/newaliases/1.md), [setmaillist(1)](/setmaillist/1.md), [dot-qmail(5)](/dot-qmail/5.md)