apg1
Generates several random passwords
Usage
apg [-a
algorithm]
[-M
mode]
[-E
char_string]
[-n
num_of_pass]
[-m
min_pass_len]
[-x
max_pass_len]
[-r
dictfile]
[-b
filter_file]
[-p
min_substr_len]
[-s]
[-c
cl_seed]
[-d]
[-y]
[-l]
[-t]
[-q]
[-h]
[-v]
Overview
apg generates several random passwords. It uses several password generation algorithms (currently two) and a built-in pseudo random number generator.
Default algorithm is pronounceable password generation algorithm designed by Morrie Gasser and described in A Random Word Generator For Pronounceable Passwords National Technical Information Service (NTIS) AD-A-017676. The original paper is very old and had never been put online, so I have to use NIST implementation described in FIPS-181.
Another algorithm is simple random character generation algorithm, but it uses four user-defined symbol sets to produce random password. It means that user can choose type of symbols that should appear in password. Symbol sets are: numeric symbol set (0,...,9), capital letters symbol set (A,...,Z), small letters symbol set (a,...,z) and special symbols symbol set (#,@,!,...).
Built-in pseudo random number generator is an implementation of algorithm described in Appendix C of ANSI X9.17 or RFC 1750 with exception that it uses CAST or SHA-1 instead of Triple DES. It uses local time with precision of microseconds (see gettimeofday(2)) and /dev/random (if available) to produce initial random seed.
apg also have the ability to check generated password quality using dictionary. You can use this ability if you specify command-line options -r dictfile or -b filtername where dictfile is the dictionary file name and filtername is the name of Bloom filter file. In that dictionary you may place words (one per line) that should not appear as generated passwords. For example: user names, common words, etc. You even can use one of the dictionaries that come with dictionary password crackers. Bloom filter file should be created with apgbfm(1) utility included in apg distribution. In future releases I plan to implement some other techniques to check passwords (like pattern check) just to make life easier.
Options
Password generation modes options
-
-a algorithm -
Use
algorithmfor password generation.0- pronounceable password generation (default), see SECURITY CAVEATS below
1- random character password generation
-
-n num_of_pass -
Generate
num_of_passnumber of passwords. Default is 6.
-
-m min_pass_len -
Generate password with minimum length
min_pass_len.If min_pass_len > max_pass_len then max_pass_len = min_pass_len. Default minimum password length is 8.
-
-x max_pass_len -
Generate password with maximum length
max_pass_len.If min_pass_len > max_pass_len then max_pass_len = min_pass_len. Default maximum password length is 10.
-
-M mode -
Use symbolsets specified with
modefor password generation.modeis a text string consisting of characters S,s, N,n, C,c, L,l(see SECURITY CAVEATS below). Where:- S
-
Generator
mustuse special symbol set for every generated password.
s-
Generator
shoulduse special symbol set for password generation.
- N
-
Generator
mustuse numeral symbol set for every generated password.
n-
Generator
shoulduse numeral symbol set for password generation.
- C
-
Generator
mustuse capital symbol set for every generated password.
c-
Generator
shoulduse capital symbol set for password generation.
- L
-
Generator
mustuse small letters symbol set for every generated password (always present if pronounceable password generation algorithm is used).
l-
Generator
shoulduse small letters symbol set for password generation.
R,r-
Not supported any more. Use -E char_string option instead.
modecan not be more than 4 characters in length.Note:
Usage of L, M, S, C will slow down password generation process.Examples:
-M sncl
-M SNCL
-M Cn
-
-E char_string -
Exclude characters in
char_stringfrom password generation process (in pronounceable password generation mode you can not exclude small letters). To include special symbols that can be recognized by shell (apostrophe, quotes, dollar sign, etc.) inchar_stringuse the backslashed versions.Examples:Command apg -a 1 -M n -n 3 -m 8 -E 23456789 will generate a set of passwords that will look like this:
10100110
01111000
11011101Command apg -a 1 -M nc -n 3 -m 26 -E GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ will generate a set of passwords that will look like this:
16A1653CD4DE5E7BD9584A3476
C8F78E06944AFD57FB9CB882BC
8C8DF37CD792D36D056BBD5002
Password quality control options
-
-r dictfile -
Check generated passwords for their appearance in dictfile
-
-b filter_file -
Check generated passwords for their appearance in filter_file. filter_file should be created with the apgbfm(1) utility.
-
-p min_substr_len -
This option tells apg(1) to check every substring of the generated password for appearance in filter_file. If any of such substrings would be found in the filter_file then generated password would be rejected and apg(1) will generate another one.
min_substr_lenspecifies minimum substring length to check. This option is active only if-boption is defined.
Pseudo random number generator options
-
-s -
Ask user for random sequence for password generation
-
-c cl_seed -
Use
cl_seedas a random seed for password generation. I use it when i have to generate passwords in a shell script.Examples:
-c /dev/urandom
-c /tmp/seed_file
Password output options
-
-d -
Do NOT use any delimiters between generated passwords. I use it when i have to generate passwords in a shell script.
-
-y -
Print generated passwords and crypted passwords (see crypt(3))
-
-q -
Quiet mode (do not print warnings)
-
-l -
Spell generated passwords. Useful when you want to read generated password by telephone.
WARNING: Think twice before read your password by phone.
-
-t -
Print pronunciation for generated pronounceable password. Ignored if -a 1 is set.
-
-h -
Print help information and exit
-
-v -
Print version information and exit
Options
apg -a 0 -M sncl -n 6 -x 10 -m 8 (new style)
If you want to generate really secure passwords, you should use option -s. To simplify apg usage, you can write a small shell script. For example:
[begin]----> pwgen.sh
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/apg -m 8 -x 12 -s
[ end ]----> pwgen.sh
Exit code
On successful completion of its task, apg will complete with exit code 0. An exit code of -1 indicates an error occurred. Textual errors are written to the standard error stream.
Diagnostics
If /dev/random is not available, apg will display a message about it.
Files
None.
Security caveats
apg is no longer maintained upstream. Alternatives include pwgen, diceware and xkcdpass.
In particular, pronouncable passwords may be prone to various attacks and enforcing the use of certain symbolsets (via the S, N, C and L modes of the -M option) might even simplify attacking the password.
See Debian bug #987952.
Releases
11 releases since Debian 3.1 (Sarge); the text changed 3 times.