---
name: "lt-proc"
section: "1"
platform: "linux"
package: "lttoolbox"
version: "3.8.0-2"
release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/lt-proc"
---

# lt-proc(1)

lexical processor for Apertium

## NAME

**lt-proc** – lexical processor for Apertium

## SYNOPSIS

**lt-proc** \[**-a** \| **-b** \| **-o** \| **-c** \| **-d** \| **-e** \| **-g** \| **-h** \| **-p** \| **-s** \| **-t** \| **-v** \| **-h** \| **-z** \| **-w**\] \[**-W**\] \[**-N** **-N**\] \[**-L** **-N**\] \[**-i** *icx\_file*\] *fst\_file* \[*input\_file* \[*output\_file*\]\]

## DESCRIPTION

**lt-proc** is the application responsible for providing the four lexical processing functionalities:

- morphological analyser (option **-a**)

- lexical transfer (option **-n**)

- morphological generator (option **-g**)

- post-generator (option **-p**)

It accomplishes these tasks by reading binary files containing a compact and efficient representation of dictionaries (a class of finite-state transducers called augmented letter transducers). These files are generated by [lt-comp(1)](/lt-comp/1.md).

It is worth mentioning that some characters( ‘\[’, ‘\]’, ‘$’, ‘^’, ‘/’, ‘+’) are *special* chars used for format and encapsulation. They should be escaped if they have to be used literally, for instance: ‘\[’*...*‘\]’ are ignored and the format of a *linefeed* is ‘^*...*$’.

## OPTIONS

- **-a**, **-****-analysis**

  Tokenizes the text in surface forms (lexical units as they appear in texts) and delivers, for each surface form, one or more lexical forms consisting of lemma, lexical category and morphological inflection information. Tokenization is not straightforward due to the existence, on the one hand, of contractions, and, on the other hand, of multi-word lexical units. For contractions, the system reads in a single surface form and delivers the corresponding sequence of lexical forms. Multi-word surface forms are analysed in a left-to-right, longest-match fashion. Multi-word surface forms may be invariable (such as a multi-word preposition or conjunction) or inflected (for example, in es, “echaban de menos”, “they missed”, is a form of the imperfect indicative tense of the verb “echar de menos”, “to miss”). Limited support for some kinds of discontinuous multi-word units is also available. Single-word surface forms analysis produces output like the one in these examples:

  “cantar” → “^cantar/cantar\<vblex\>\<inf\>$” or “daba” → “^daba/dar\<vblex\>\<pii\>\<p1\>\<sg\>/dar\<vblex\>\<pii\>\<p3\>\<sg\>$”.

- **-b**, **-****-bilingual**

  Does lexical transference, attaching queues of morphological symbols not specified in the dictionaries. As the analysis mode, supports multiple lexical forms in the target language for a given lexical form in the source language. Works typically with the output of [apertium-pretransfer(1)](/apertium-pretransfer/1.md).

- **-o**, **-****-surf-bilingual**

  As with **-b**, but takes input from [apertium-tagger(1)](/apertium-tagger/1.md) **-p**, with surface forms, and if the lexical form is not found in the bilingual dictionary, it outputs the surface form of the word.

- **-c**, **-****-case-sensitive**

  Use the literal case of the incoming characters

- **-d**, **-****-debugged-gen**

  Morphological generation with all the stuff

- **-e**, **-****-decompose-compounds**

  Try to treat unknown words as compounds, and decompose them.

- **-w**, **-****-dictionary-case**

  Use the case information contained in the lexicon, instead of the surface case (only applied in analysis mode).

- **-g**, **-****-generation**

  Delivers a target-language surface form for each target-language lexical form, by suitably inflecting it.

- **-n**, **-****-non-marked-gen**

  Morphological generation (like **-g**) but without unknown word marks (asterisk ‘\*’).

- **-b**, **-****-tagged-gen**

  Morphological generation (like **-g**) but retaining part-of-speech tags.

- **-p**, **-****-post-generation**

  Performs orthographical operations such as contractions and apostrophations. The post-generator is usually *dormant* (just copies the input to the output) until a special *alarm* symbol contained in some target-language surface forms *wakes* it up to perform a particular string transformation if necessary; then it goes back to sleep.

- **-s**, **-****-sao**

  Input processing is in *orthoepikon* (previously *sao*) annotation system format: **https://orthoepikon.sf.net**.

- **-t**, **-****-transliteration**

  Apply a transliteration dictionary

- **-i** *icx\_file*, **-****-ignored-chars** *icx\_file*

  Ignores characters specified in the file *icx\_file*

- **-z**, **-****-null-flush**

  Flush output on the null character

- **-C**, **-****-careful-case**

  Use dictionary case if present, else surface

- **-N**, **-****-analyses**

  Output no more than N analyses (if the transducer is weighted, the N best analyses)

- **-L**, **-****-weight-classes**

  Output no more than N best weight classes (where analyses with equal weight constitute a class)

- **-W**, **-****-show-weights**

  Print final analysis weights (if any)

- **-v**, **-****-version**

  Display the version number.

- **-h**, **-****-help**

  Display this help.

## FILES

- *input\_file*

  The input compiled dictionary.

## SEE ALSO

[apertium(1)](/apertium/1.md), [apertium-tagger(1)](/apertium-tagger/1.md), [lt-comp(1)](/lt-comp/1.md), [lt-expand(1)](/lt-expand/1.md)

## COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2005, 2006 Universitat d'Alacant / Universidad de Alicante. This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of *the* *GNU* *General* *Public* *License:* **https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html**.

## BUGS

Many... lurking in the dark and waiting for you!