--- name: "konwert" section: "1" platform: "linux" package: "konwert" version: "1.8-15" release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/konwert" --- # konwert(1) interface for various character encoding conversions ## NAME konwert - interface for various character encoding conversions ## SYNOPSIS **konwert** *FILTER* \[*FILE*\]... \[**-o** *DEST* \| **-O**\] ## DESCRIPTION Konwert allows filtering multiple files through multiple filters. It filters the specified *FILE*s, or stdin if none are given. Simple *FILTER* is the name of an executable file from the directory *~/.konwert/filters* or the system-wide one, normally */usr/share/konwert/filters*. Such program itself filters stdin to stdout. The filtering rule can be more complex: **konwert** *FILTER1***+***FILTER2* means **konwert** *FILTER1* \| **konwert** *FILTER2*. **konwert** *FORMAT1***-***FORMAT2,* unless such filter exists, tries to find a common *FORMAT3*, such that both filters *FORMAT1***-***FORMAT3* and *FORMAT3***-***FORMAT1* do exist. **konwert** *FILTER***/***ARG***/...** passes arguments to the filter. Arguments can also be specified here: *FORMAT1***/***ARGS***-***FORMAT2.* The meaning of arguments depends on the particular filter. **konwert** **'(***COMMAND ARGS...***)'** executes this arbitrary shell command. This is useful with **-o** or **-O** options. The command cannot contain the string **)+**, which will terminate this filter's specification. ### OPTIONS - **-o** *DEST* output goes to this file/directory instead of stdout - **-O** every input file is replaced with its translation - **--help** display help and exit - **--version** output version information and exit Redirecting output to one of the source files with either **-o** or **\>** instead of **-O** will corrupt it! Option **-O** creates a temporary file in */tmp* and later copies it back onto the source. ## CHARACTER ENCODING CONVERSIONS You can convert text between any two charsets, for example **konwert** **cp437-iso2**. Characters unavailable in the target charset will be substituted with approximations with available ones. The approximations need not be single characters. The following character sets are currently supported: - **ascii** 7bit ASCII - **utf8 = unicode** Unicode UTF-8 - **iso1 = isolatin1** ISO-8859-1 aka ISO Latin 1 (Western European) - **iso2 = isolatin2** ISO-8859-2 aka ISO Latin 2 (Central European) - **iso3 = isolatin3** ISO-8859-3 aka ISO Latin 3 (Esperanto) - **iso4 = isolatin4** ISO-8859-4 aka ISO Latin 4 (Baltic) - **iso5 = isolatincyr** ISO-8859-5 (Cyrillic) - **iso6 = isolatinarabic** ISO-8859-6 (Arabic) - **iso7 = isolatingreek** ISO-8859-7 (Greek) - **iso8 = isolatinhebrew** ISO-8859-8 (Hebrew) - **iso9 = isolatin5 = isolatintur** ISO-8859-9 aka ISO Latin 5 (Turkish) - **iso10 = isolatin6 = isolatinnordic** ISO-8859-10 aka ISO Latin 6 (Nordic) - **iso12 = isolatin7 = isolatinceltic** ISO-8859-12 aka ISO Latin 6 (Celtic) - Draft - **iso13 = isolatin8 = isolatinbaltic** ISO-8859-13 aka ISO Latin 6 (Baltic) - Draft - **iso14 = isolatin9 = isolatinsami** ISO-8859-14 aka ISO Latin 6 (Sámi) - Draft - **iso15** ISO-8859-15 - Draft - **koi8r** KOI8-R (Russian) - **koi8u** KOI8-U (Ukrainian, Byelorussian) - **koi8uni** KOI8-Uni (Cyrillic) - **cp1250 = wince = winlatin2** Windows CP-1250 aka Win Latin 2 (Central European) - **cp1251 = wincyr** Windows CP-1251 (Cyrillic) - **cp1252 = winwest = winlatin1** Windows CP-1252 aka Win Latin 1 (Western European) - **cp1253 = wingr** Windows CP-1253 (Greek) - **cp1254 = wintur** Windows CP-1254 (Turkish) - **cp1255 = winhebrew** Windows CP-1255 (Hebrew) - **cp1256 = winarabic** Windows CP-1256 (Arabic) - **cp1257 = winbaltic** Windows CP-1257 (Baltic) - **cp1258 = winviet** Windows CP-1258 (Vietnamese) - **cp437 = icmeng** DOS CP-437 (English) - **cp737 = dosgreek** DOS CP-737 (Greek) - **cp775 = dosbaltic** DOS CP-775 (Baltic) - **cp850 = doswest = doslatin1** DOS CP-850 aka DOS Latin 1 (Western European) - **cp852 = dosce = doslatin2** DOS CP-852 aka DOS Latin 2 (Central European) - **cp855 = doscyr** DOS CP-855 (Cyrillic) - **cp857 = dostur** DOS CP-857 (Turkish) - **cp860 = dosportugal** DOS CP-860 (Portugal) - **cp861 = dosiceland** DOS CP-861 (Icelandic) - **cp862 = doshebrew** DOS CP-862 (Hebrew) - **cp863 = doscanadfr** DOS CP-863 (Canadian French) - **cp864 = dosarabic** DOS CP-864 (Arabic) - **cp865 = dosnordic** DOS CP-865 (Nordic) - **cp866 = dosrussian** DOS CP-866 (Russian) - **cp869 = dosgreek2** DOS CP-869 (Greek2) - **cp874 = dosthai** DOS CP-874 (Thai) - **mac** Macintosh Roman (Western European) - **macce** Macintosh Central European - **maccyr** Macintosh Cyrillic - **macgreek** Macintosh Greek - **maciceland** Macintosh Icelandic - **mactur** Macintosh Turkish - **csk**, - **cyfromat**, - **dhn**, - **fidomazovia**, - **iea**, - **logic**, - **mazovia**, - **microvex** DOS charsets for Polish - **amigapl**, - **fat**, - **xjp** Amiga charsets for Polish - **kamenicky** DOS charset for Czech and Slovak - **wingreek** WinGreek (Windows font-based encoding for ancient Greek) - **babelpl** TeX \[polish\]{babel}: *"a"c"e"l"n"o"s"z"r* - **ciachy** TeX \\prefixing: */a/c/e/l/n/o/s/x/z* - **xmetodo** Esperanto: *cx gx hx jx sx ux* (*vx w*) - **hmetodo** Esperanto: *ch gh hh jh sh u* - **antauxcxap** Esperanto: *^c ^g ^h ^j ^s ^u* (*~u*) - **postcxap** Esperanto: *c^ g^ h^ j^ s^ u^* (*u~*) - **apostrofoj** Esperanto: *c' g' h' j' s' u'* - **malapostrofoj** Esperanto: *c\` g\` h\` j\` s\` u\`* - - **viscii** VISCII (Vietnamese) - **viqri** Vietnamese Quoted Readable Implicit - **htmldec** SGML/HTML character references (decimal): *Æ ě →* - **htmlhex** SGML/HTML character references (hexadecimal): *Æ ě →* - **htmlent** SGML/HTML character entities (names): *Æ &ecaron →* - **html** All three above (only as input format) - **tex** TeX with some LaTeX or AMS-TeX extensions. There is no distinction between normal and math mode - you will probably have to insert some *$*'s manually. - **mnemonic** RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by *&* - **mnemonic1** RFC 1345 mnemonics preceded by *\`* - **any/***LANGUAGE* (e.g. **any/pl-iso2**) This special input format will detect the encoding automatically, basing on the frequencies of characters found in text. Every language is associated with a set of possible encodings used for it and average frequencies of its letters (excluding ASCII letters). The best fitting encoding is used for conversion. Currently supported languages are **cs** (Czech), **de** (German), **el** (Greek), **eo** (Esperanto), **es** (Spanish), **fr** (French), **he** (Hebrew), **it** (Italian), **pl** (Polish), **pt** (Portuguese), **ru** (Russian), and **sv** (Swedish). - **varpl** Mixed Polish ISO-8859-2, CP-1250, and UTF-8. If you are reading Polish newsgroups I suggest putting it as a filter in your newsreader (for speed improvement it's better to call it directly, rather than through konwert). - **vareo** Mixed various Esperanto encodings. ## OPTIONS CONTROLLING THE ABOVE CONVERSIONS - **/1** (e.g. **konwert iso2-ascii/1**) Each unavailable character will be replaced only with a single approximate char, not string. This is useful with the filterm program or with preformatted text. This option is automatically turned on when a filter is used as output for filterm. - **/html** Text is assumed to be HTML. The characters *" & \< \>* resulting from other characters' approximations will be properly escaped as *" & <* *>*. The *\* header will be fixed if present. - **/htmldec** Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in &#Unicode;. - **/htmlhex** Convert META as above. Unavailable characters will be encoded in hexadecimal &#xUnicode;. - **/tex** Unavailable characters will be described in TeX. Characters *# $ % & \\\\ ^ \_ { \| } ~* resulting from some characters' approximations will be properly escaped into *\\\\# \\\\$ \\\\% \\\\& $\\\\backslash$ \\\\^{} \\\\\_ \\\\{ $\|$ \\\\}* *\\\\\\\\~{}*. - **/asciichar** Recognizes some ASCII representations of characters, e.g. *(c) ... 1/2* *\>=*. - **/rosyjski** Russian text will be replaced with its Polish phonetic transcription. Some output filters can use the language information for choosing better approximations of unavailable letters, for example **/de** (German): *ä* → *ae* instead of *a*. ## OTHER FILTERS - **any/*LANGUAGE*-test** Detects the encoding, but instead of text conversion only shows the encoding's name. The additional option **/all** shows all possible encodings, sorted from better to worse ones. - **cr** - **lf** - **crlf** Force specific end-of-line marker convention. **cr** = Macintosh, **lf** = Unix and Amiga, **crlf** = Windows and DOS. The input convention is detected automatically. - **expand** Expands tabs into spaces (uses the textutils program expand). - **unexpand** Compresses spaces into tabs (uses the textutils program unexpand). - **rmspacesateol** Removes spaces and tabs at end of line. - **qp-8bit** - **8bit-qp** MIME Quoted Printable encoding: *=A3=F3d=BC*. - **rtf-8bit** - **8bit-rtf** Rich Text Format: *\\\\\\\\'a3\\\\\\\\'f3d\\\\\\\\'9f*. - **txt-htmlchar** Escapes *" & \< \>* into SGML/HTML entities *" & <* *>*. Useful for including a text file inside HTML \ \ tags. - **htmlchar-txt** Reverse. - **rot13** Guvf vf n qrzbafgengvba bs ebg13. - **toupper** - **tolower** Self-explanatory. Currently ASCII only. - **prn7pl** Converts polish chars to control sequences for EPSON-compatible printer. Using only 7-bit chars, backspacing printer's head and vertical positioning chars ,.'\` it creates pseudo-polish glyphs. You can specify options: **/nlq** (default) which optimizes output for better quality printers and **/draft** - useful for ex. for 9-nails printer. ## FILES - */usr/share/konwert/filters/\** - *~/.konwert/filters/\** ## SEE ALSO [**trs**(1)](/trs/1.md), [**filterm**(1)](/filterm/1.md) ## BUGS APPLE character in mac\* charsets, and CH and ch characters in koi8cs are not preserved in conversion even when they are available. Also they don't respect the /1 option. Reason: they are not in Unicode. ## COPYRIGHT Konwert is a package for conversion between various character encodings. Copyright (c) 1998 Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA ## AUTHOR ``` __("< Marcin Kowalczyk * qrczak@knm.org.pl http://qrczak.home.ml.org/ \__/ GCS/M d- s+:-- a21 C+++>+++$ UL++>++++$ P+++ L++>++++$ E->++ ^^ W++ N+++ o? K? w(---) O? M- V? PS-- PE++ Y? PGP->+ t QRCZAK 5? X- R tv-- b+>++ DI D- G+ e>++++ h! r--%>++ y- ```