--- name: "httpd_selinux" section: "8" platform: "linux" package: "selinux-policy-doc" version: "2:2.20250213-13~deb13u1" release: "Debian 13 (Trixie)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/httpd_selinux" --- # httpd\_selinux(8) Security Enhanced Linux Policy for the httpd daemon ## NAME httpd\_selinux - Security Enhanced Linux Policy for the httpd daemon ## DESCRIPTION Security-Enhanced Linux secures the httpd server via flexible mandatory access control. ## FILE\_CONTEXTS SELinux requires files to have an extended attribute to define the file type. Policy governs the access daemons have to these files. SELinux httpd policy is very flexible allowing users to setup their web services in as secure a method as possible. The following file contexts types are defined for httpd: ``` httpd_sys_content_t ``` \- Set files with httpd\_sys\_content\_t if you want httpd\_sys\_script\_exec\_t scripts and the daemon to read the file, and disallow other non sys scripts from access. ``` httpd_sys_script_exec_t ``` \- Set cgi scripts with httpd\_sys\_script\_exec\_t to allow them to run with access to all sys types. ``` httpd_sys_content_rw_t ``` \- Set files with httpd\_sys\_content\_rw\_t if you want httpd\_sys\_script\_exec\_t scripts and the daemon to read/write the data, and disallow other non sys scripts from access. ``` httpd_sys_content_ra_t ``` \- Set files with httpd\_sys\_content\_ra\_t if you want httpd\_sys\_script\_exec\_t scripts and the daemon to read/append to the file, and disallow other non sys scripts from access. ``` httpd_unconfined_script_exec_t ``` \- Set cgi scripts with httpd\_unconfined\_script\_exec\_t to allow them to run without any SELinux protection. This should only be used for a very complex httpd scripts, after exhausting all other options. It is better to use this script rather than turning off SELinux protection for httpd. ## NOTE With certain policies you can define additional file contexts based on roles like user or staff. httpd\_user\_script\_exec\_t can be defined where it would only have access to "user" contexts. ## SHARING FILES If you want to share files with multiple domains (Apache, FTP, rsync, Samba), you can set a file context of public\_content\_t and public\_content\_rw\_t. These context allow any of the above domains to read the content. If you want a particular domain to write to the public\_content\_rw\_t domain, you must set the appropriate boolean. allow\_DOMAIN\_anon\_write. So for httpd you would execute: ``` setsebool -P allow_httpd_anon_write=1 ``` or ``` setsebool -P allow_httpd_sys_script_anon_write=1 ``` ## BOOLEANS SELinux policy is customizable based on least access required. SELinux can be setup to prevent certain http scripts from working. httpd policy is extremely flexible and has several booleans that allow you to manipulate the policy and run httpd with the tightest access possible. httpd can be setup to allow cgi scripts to be executed, set httpd\_enable\_cgi to allow this ``` setsebool -P httpd_enable_cgi 1 ``` SELinux policy for httpd can be setup to not allowed to access users home directories. If you want to allow access to users home directories you need to set the httpd\_enable\_homedirs boolean and change the context of the files that you want people to access off the home dir. ``` setsebool -P httpd_enable_homedirs 1 chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t ~user/public_html ``` SELinux policy for httpd can be setup to not allow access to the controlling terminal. In most cases this is preferred, because an intruder might be able to use the access to the terminal to gain privileges. But in certain situations httpd needs to prompt for a password to open a certificate file, in these cases, terminal access is required. Set the httpd\_tty\_comm boolean to allow terminal access. ``` setsebool -P httpd_tty_comm 1 ``` httpd can be configured to not differentiate file controls based on context, i.e. all files labeled as httpd context can be read/write/execute. Setting this boolean to false allows you to setup the security policy such that one httpd service can not interfere with another. ``` setsebool -P httpd_unified 0 ``` SELinux policy for httpd can be configured to turn on sending email. This is a security feature, since it would prevent a vulnerability in http from causing a spam attack. I certain situations, you may want http modules to send mail. You can turn on the httpd\_send\_mail boolean. ``` setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail 1 ``` `httpd can be configured to turn off internal scripting (PHP). PHP and other` `loadable modules run under the same context as httpd. Therefore several policy rules allow httpd greater access to the system then is needed if you only use external cgi scripts.` ``` setsebool -P httpd_builtin_scripting 0 ``` SELinux policy can be setup such that httpd scripts are not allowed to connect out to the network. This would prevent a hacker from breaking into you httpd server and attacking other machines. If you need scripts to be able to connect you can set the httpd\_can\_network\_connect boolean on. ``` setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1 ``` system-config-selinux is a GUI tool available to customize SELinux policy settings. ## AUTHOR This manual page was written by Dan Walsh \. ## SEE ALSO [selinux(8)](/selinux/8.md), [httpd(8)](/httpd/8.md), [chcon(1)](/chcon/1.md), [setsebool(8)](/setsebool/8.md)