--- name: "ghc-cvs" section: "1" platform: "linux" package: "ghc-cvs" version: "20040725-2" release: "Debian 3.1 (Sarge)" platforms: ["linux"] url: "https://new.carta.tech/ghc-cvs" --- # ghc-cvs(1) the Glasgow Haskell Compiler ## NAME GHC - the Glasgow Haskell Compiler ## SYNOPSIS **ghc** \[*option*\|*filename*\]...\ **ghci** \[*option*\|*filename*\]...\ **ghc-cvs** \[*option*\|*filename*\]...\ **ghci-cvs** \[*option*\|*filename*\]... ## DESCRIPTION This manual page documents briefly the **ghc** and **ghci** commands. Note that **ghci** is not yet available on all architectures. Extensive documentation is available in various other formats including DVI, PostScript and HTML; see below. Each of GHC's command line options is classified as either *static* or *dynamic*. A static flag may only be specified on the command line, whereas a dynamic flag may also be given in an `OPTIONS` pragma in a source file or set from the GHCi command-line with `:set`. As a rule of thumb, all the language options are dynamic, as are the warning options and the debugging options. The rest are static, with the notable exceptions of **-v**, **-cpp**, **-fasm**, **-fvia-C**, and **-#include**. The OPTIONS sections lists the status of each flag. Common suffixes of file names for Haskell are: - **.hs** Haskell source code; preprocess, compile - **.lhs** literate Haskell source; unlit, preprocess, compile - **.hi** Interface file; contains information about exported symbols - **.hc** intermediate C files - **.***x***\_o** way *x* object files; common ways are: **p**, **u**, **s** - **.***x***\_hi** way *x* interface files ## OPTIONS ### Help and verbosity options \-? -help -v -v*n* -V --version --numeric-version --print-libdir ### Which phases to run \-E -C -S -c ### Redirecting output \-hcsuf *suffix* -hidir *dir* -hisuf *suffix* -o *filename* -odir *dir* -ohi *filename* -osuf *suffix* ### Keeping intermediate files \-keep-hc-file -keep-s-file -keep-raw-s-file -keep-tmp-files ### Temporary files \-tmpdir ### Finding imports \-i*dir1*:*dir2*:... -i ### Interface file options \-ddump-hi -ddump-hi-diffs -ddump-minimal-imports --show-iface *file* ### Recompilation checking \-no-recomp -recomp ### Interactive-mode options \-ignore-dot-ghci -read-dot-ghci ### Packages \-package *name* -package-conf *file* -package-name *name* ### Language options \-fallow-overlapping-instances -fno-allow-overlapping-instances -farrows -fno-arrows -fallow-undecidable-instances -fno-allow-undecidable-instances -fcontext-stack*n* -ffi or -fffi -fno-ffi -fgenerics -fno-fgenerics -fglasgow-exts -fno-glasgow-exts -fignore-asserts -fno-ignore-asserts -fimplicit-params -fno-implicit-params -firrefutable-tuples -fno-irrefutable-tuples -fno-implicit-prelude -fno-monomorphism-restriction -fth -fno-th ### Warnings \-W -w -w -Wall -w -Werror -fwarn-deprecations -fno-warn-deprecations -fwarn-duplicate-exports -fno-warn-duplicate-exports -fwarn-hi-shadowing -fno-warn-hi-shadowing -fwarn-incomplete-patterns -fno-warn-incomplete-patterns -fwarn-misc -fno-warn-misc -fwarn-missing-fields -fno-warn-missing-fields -fwarn-missing-methods -fno-warn-missing-methods -fwarn-missing-signatures -fno-warn-missing-signatures -fwarn-name-shadowing -fno-warn-name-shadowing -fwarn-overlapping-patterns -fno-warn-overlapping-patterns -fwarn-simple-patterns -fno-warn-simple-patterns -fwarn-type-defaults -fno-warn-type-defaults -fwarn-unused-binds -fno-warn-unused-binds -fwarn-unused-imports -fno-warn-unused-imports -fwarn-unused-matches -fno-warn-unused-matches ### Optimisation levels \-O -O0 -O*n* -O0 ### Individual optimisations \-fcase-merge -fno-case-merge -fdicts-strict -fno-dicts-strict -fdo-eta-reduction -fno-do-eta-reduction -fdo-lambda-eta-expansion -fno-do-lambda-eta-expansion -fexcess-precision -fno-excess-precision -frules-off -frules-off -fignore-asserts -fno-ignore-asserts -fignore-interface-pragmas -fno-ignore-interface-pragmas -fliberate-case-threshold -fno-liberate-case-threshold -fomit-interface-pragmas -fno-omit-interface-pragmas -fmax-worker-args -fmax-simplifier-iterations -fno-state-hack -fno-cpr -fno-cse -fno-full-laziness -fno-pre-inlining -fno-strictness -fnumbers-strict -fno-numbers-strict -funbox-strict-fields -fno-unbox-strict-fields -funfolding-creation-threshold -fno-unfolding-creation-threshold -funfolding-fun-discount -fno-unfolding-fun-discount -funfolding-keeness-factor -fno-unfolding-keeness-factor -funfolding-update-in-place -fno-unfolding-update-in-place -funfolding-use-threshold -fno-unfolding-use-threshold ### Profiling options \-auto -no-auto -auto-all -no-auto-all -auto-dicts -no-auto-dicts -caf-all -no-caf-all -prof -ticky ### Parallelism options \-gransim -parallel -smp ### C pre-processor options \-cpp -D*symbol*=*value* -U -U*symbol* -I*dir* ### C compiler options \-#include *file* ### Code generation options \-fasm -fvia-C -fno-code ### Linking options \-dynamic -framework *name* -framework-path *name* -l*lib* -L*dir* -main-is -no-hs-main -no-link -package *name* -split-objs -static -threaded -debug ### Replacing phases \-pgmL *cmd* -pgmP *cmd* -pgmc *cmd* -pgma *cmd* -pgml *cmd* -pgmdll *cmd* -pgmdep *cmd* -pgmF *cmd* ### Forcing options to particular phases \-optL *option* -optP *option* -optF *option* -optc *option* -opta *option* -optl *option* -optdll *option* -optdep *option* ### Platform-specific options \-mv8 -monly-\[32\]-regs ### External core file options \-fext-core ### Compiler debugging options \-dcore-lint -ddump-absC -ddump-asm -ddump-bcos -ddump-cpranal -ddump-cse -ddump-deriv -ddump-ds -ddump-flatC -ddump-foreign -ddump-inlinings -ddump-occur-anal -ddump-parsed -ddump-realC -ddump-rn -ddump-rules -ddump-sat -ddump-simpl -ddump-simpl-iterations -ddump-spec -ddump-stg -ddump-stranal -ddump-tc -ddump-types -ddump-usagesp -ddump-worker-wrapper -ddump-rn-trace -ddump-rn-stats -ddump-stix -ddump-simpl-stats -dppr-debug -dppr-noprags -dppr-user-length -dsource-stats -dstg-lint -dstg-stats -dusagesp-lint -dverbose-core2core -dverbose-stg2stg -unreg ### Misc compiler options \-femit-extern-decls -fglobalise-toplev-names -fno-hi-version-check -dno-black-holing -fno-method-sharing -fno-prune-decls -fhistory-size -funregisterised -fno-asm-mangling ## HELP AND VERBOSITY OPTIONS - **-?** help \[static\] - **-help** help \[static\] - **-v** verbose mode (equivalent to **-v3**) \[dynamic\] - **-v***n* set verbosity level \[dynamic\] - **-V** display GHC version \[static\] - **--version** display GHC version \[static\] - **--numeric-version** display GHC version (numeric only) \[static\] - **--print-libdir** display GHC library directory \[static\] ## WHICH PHASES TO RUN - **-E** Stop after preprocessing (`.hspp` file) \[static\] - **-C** Stop after generating C (`.hc` file) \[static\] - **-S** Stop after generating assembly (`.s` file) \[static\] - **-c** Stop after compiling to object code (`.o` file) \[static\] ## REDIRECTING OUTPUT - **-hcsuf** *suffix* set the suffix to use for intermediate C files \[static\] - **-hidir** *dir* set directory for interface files \[static\] - **-hisuf** *suffix* set the suffix to use for interface files \[static\] - **-o** *filename* set output filename \[static\] - **-odir** *dir* set output directory \[static\] - **-ohi** *filename* set the filename in which to put the interface \[static\] - **-osuf** *suffix* set the output file suffix \[static\] ## KEEPING INTERMEDIATE FILES - **-keep-hc-file** retain intermediate `.hc` files \[static\] - **-keep-s-file** retain intermediate `.s` files \[static\] - **-keep-raw-s-file** retain intermediate `.raw_s` files \[static\] - **-keep-tmp-files** retain all intermediate temporary files \[static\] ## TEMPORARY FILES - **-tmpdir** set the directory for temporary files \[static\] ## FINDING IMPORTS - **-i***dir1*:*dir2*:... add *dir*, *dir2*, etc. to import path \[static\] - **-i** Empty the import directory list \[static\] ## INTERFACE FILE OPTIONS - **-ddump-hi** Dump the new interface to stdout \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-hi-diffs** Show the differences vs. the old interface \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-minimal-imports** Dump a minimal set of imports \[dynamic\] - **--show-iface** *file* Read the interface in *file* and dump it as text to `stdout`. \[static\] ## RECOMPILATION CHECKING - **-no-recomp** Turn off recompilation checking \[static\] ## INTERACTIVE-MODE OPTIONS - **-ignore-dot-ghci** Disable reading of .ghci files \[static\] - **-read-dot-ghci** Enable reading of .ghci files \[static\] ## PACKAGES - **-package** *name* Use package *name* \[static\] - **-package-conf** *file* Load more packages from *file* \[static\] - **-package-name** *name* Compile code for package *name* \[static\] ## LANGUAGE OPTIONS - **-fallow-overlapping-instances** Enable overlapping instances \[dynamic\] - **-farrows** Enable arrow notation extension \[dynamic\] - **-fallow-undecidable-instances** Enable undecidable instances \[dynamic\] - **-fcontext-stack***n* set the limit for context reduction \[static\] - **-ffi** or **-fffi** Enable foreign function interface (implied by **-fglasgow-exts**) \[dynamic\] - **-fgenerics** Enable generics \[dynamic\] - **-fglasgow-exts** Enable most language extensions \[dynamic\] - **-fignore-asserts** Ignore assertions \[dynamic\] - **-fimplicit-params** Enable Implicit Parameters \[dynamic\] - **-firrefutable-tuples** Make tuple pattern matching irrefutable \[dynamic\] - **-fno-implicit-prelude** Don't implicitly `import Prelude` \[dynamic\] - **-fno-monomorphism-restriction** Disable the monomorphism restriction \[dynamic\] - **-fth** Enable Template Haskell \[dynamic\] ## WARNINGS - **-W** enable normal warnings \[dynamic\] - **-w** disable all warnings \[dynamic\] - **-Wall** enable all warnings \[dynamic\] - **-Werror** make warnings fatal \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-deprecations** warn about uses of functions & types that are deprecated \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-duplicate-exports** warn when an entity is exported multiple times \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-hi-shadowing** warn when a `.hi` file in the current directory shadows a library \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-incomplete-patterns** warn when a pattern match could fail \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-misc** enable miscellaneous warnings \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-missing-fields** warn when fields of a record are uninitialised \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-missing-methods** warn when class methods are undefined \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-missing-signatures** warn about top-level functions without signatures \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-name-shadowing** warn when names are shadowed \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-overlapping-patterns** warn about overlapping patterns \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-simple-patterns** warn about lambda-patterns that can fail \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-type-defaults** warn when defaulting happens \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-unused-binds** warn about bindings that are unused \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-unused-imports** warn about unnecessary imports \[dynamic\] - **-fwarn-unused-matches** warn about variables in patterns that aren't used \[dynamic\] ## OPTIMISATION LEVELS - **-O** Enable default optimisation (level 1) \[dynamic\] - **-O***n* Set optimisation level *n* \[dynamic\] ## INDIVIDUAL OPTIMISATIONS - **-fcase-merge** Enable case-merging \[dynamic\] - **-fdicts-strict** Make dictionaries strict \[static\] - **-fdo-eta-reduction** Enable eta-reduction \[dynamic\] - **-fdo-lambda-eta-expansion** Enable lambda eta-reduction \[dynamic\] - **-fexcess-precision** Enable excess intermediate precision \[static\] - **-frules-off** Switch off all rewrite rules (including rules generated by automatic specialisation of overloaded functions) \[static\] - **-fignore-asserts** Ignore assertions in the source \[static\] - **-fignore-interface-pragmas** Ignore pragmas in interface files \[static\] - **-fliberate-case-threshold** Tweak the liberate-case optimisation (default: 10) \[static\] - **-fomit-interface-pragmas** Don't generate interface pragmas \[dynamic\] - **-fmax-worker-args** If a worker has that many arguments, none will be unpacked anymore (default: 10) \[static\] - **-fmax-simplifier-iterations** Set the max iterations for the simplifier \[dynamic\] - **-fno-state-hack** Turn off the "state hack" whereby any lambda with a real-world state token as argument is considered to be single-entry. Hence OK to inline things inside it. \[static\] - **-fno-cpr** Turn off CPR analysis \[static\] - **-fno-cse** Turn off common sub-expression \[dynamic\] - **-fno-full-laziness** Turn off full laziness (floating bindings outwards). It is on by default. \[dynamic\] - **-fno-pre-inlining** Turn off pre-inlining \[static\] - **-fno-strictness** Turn off strictness analysis \[dynamic\] - **-fnumbers-strict** Make numbers strict \[dynamic\] - **-funbox-strict-fields** Flatten strict constructor fields \[dynamic\] - **-funfolding-creation-threshold** Tweak unfolding settings \[static\] - **-funfolding-fun-discount** Tweak unfolding settings \[static\] - **-funfolding-keeness-factor** Tweak unfolding settings \[static\] - **-funfolding-update-in-place** Tweak unfolding settings \[static\] - **-funfolding-use-threshold** Tweak unfolding settings \[static\] ## PROFILING OPTIONS - **-auto** Auto-add `_scc_`s to all exported functions \[static\] - **-auto-all** Auto-add `_scc_`s to all top-level functions \[static\] - **-auto-dicts** Auto-add `_scc_`s to all dictionaries \[static\] - **-caf-all** Auto-add `_scc_`s to all CAFs \[static\] - **-prof** Turn on profiling \[static\] - **-ticky** Turn on ticky-ticky profiling \[static\] ## PARALLELISM OPTIONS - **-gransim** Enable GRANSIM \[static\] - **-parallel** Enable Parallel Haskell \[static\] - **-smp** Enable SMP support \[static\] ## C PRE-PROCESSOR OPTIONS - **-cpp** Run the C pre-processor on Haskell source files \[dynamic\] - **-D***symbol*=*value* Define a symbol in the C pre-processor \[dynamic\] - **-U***symbol* Undefine a symbol in the C pre-processor \[dynamic\] - **-I***dir* Add *dir* to the directory search list for `#include` files \[static\] ## C COMPILER OPTIONS - **-#include** *file* Include *file* when compiling the .hc file \[dynamic\] ## CODE GENERATION OPTIONS - **-fasm** Use the native code generator \[dynamic\] - **-fvia-C** Compile via C \[dynamic\] - **-fno-code** Omit code generation \[static\] ## LINKING OPTIONS - **-dynamic** Use dynamic Haskell libraries (if available) \[static\] - **-framework** *name* On Darwin/MacOS X only, link in the framework *name*. This option corresponds to the **-framework** option for Apple's Linker. \[static\] - **-framework-path** *name* On Darwin/MacOS X only, add *dir* to the list of directories searched for frameworks. This option corresponds to the **-F** option for Apple's Linker. \[static\] - **-l***lib* Link in library *lib* \[static\] - **-L***dir* Add *dir* to the list of directories searched for libraries \[static\] - **-main-is** Set main function \[static\] - **-no-hs-main** Don't asssume this program contains `main` \[static\] - **-no-link** Omit linking \[static\] - **-package** *name* Link in package *name* \[static\] - **-split-objs** Split objects (for libraries) \[static\] - **-static** Use static Haskell libraries \[static\] - **-threaded** Use the threaded runtime \[static\] - **-debug** Use the debugging runtime \[static\] ## REPLACING PHASES - **-pgmL** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the literate pre-processor \[static\] - **-pgmP** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the C pre-processor (with **-cpp** only) \[static\] - **-pgmc** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the C compiler \[static\] - **-pgma** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the assembler \[static\] - **-pgml** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the linker \[static\] - **-pgmdll** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the DLL generator \[static\] - **-pgmdep** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the dependency generator \[static\] - **-pgmF** *cmd* Use *cmd* as the pre-processor (with **-F** only) \[static\] ## FORCING OPTIONS TO PARTICULAR PHASES - **-optL** *option* pass *option* to the literate pre-processor \[dynamic\] - **-optP** *option* pass *option* to cpp (with **-cpp** only) \[dynamic\] - **-optF** *option* pass *option* to the custom pre-processor \[dynamic\] - **-optc** *option* pass *option* to the C compiler \[dynamic\] - **-opta** *option* pass *option* to the assembler \[dynamic\] - **-optl** *option* pass *option* to the linker \[static\] - **-optdll** *option* pass *option* to the DLL generator \[static\] - **-optdep** *option* pass *option* to the dependency generator \[static\] ## PLATFORM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS - **-mv8** (SPARC only) enable version 8 support \[static\] - **-monly-\[32\]-regs** (x86 only) give some registers back to the C compiler \[dynamic\] ## EXTERNAL CORE FILE OPTIONS - **-fext-core** Generate .hcr external Core files \[static\] ## COMPILER DEBUGGING OPTIONS - **-dcore-lint** Turn on internal sanity checking \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-absC** Dump abstract C \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-asm** Dump assembly \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-bcos** Dump interpreter byte code \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-cpranal** Dump output from CPR analysis \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-cse** Dump CSE output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-deriv** Dump deriving output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-ds** Dump desugarer output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-flatC** Dump \`flat' C \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-foreign** Dump `foreign export` stubs \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-inlinings** Dump inlining info \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-occur-anal** Dump occurrence analysis output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-parsed** Dump parse tree \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-realC** Dump \`real' C \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-rn** Dump renamer output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-rules** Dump rules \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-sat** Dump saturated output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-simpl** Dump final simplifier output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-simpl-iterations** Dump output from each simplifier iteration \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-spec** Dump specialiser output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-stg** Dump final STG \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-stranal** Dump strictness analyser output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-tc** Dump typechecker output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-types** Dump type signatures \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-usagesp** Dump UsageSP analysis output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-worker-wrapper** Dump worker-wrapper output \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-rn-trace** Trace renamer \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-rn-stats** Renamer stats \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-stix** Native code generator intermediate form \[dynamic\] - **-ddump-simpl-stats** Dump simplifier stats \[dynamic\] - **-dppr-debug** Turn on debug printing (more verbose) \[static\] - **-dppr-noprags** Don't output pragma info in dumps \[static\] - **-dppr-user-length** Set the depth for printing expressions in error msgs \[static\] - **-dsource-stats** Dump haskell source stats \[dynamic\] - **-dstg-lint** STG pass sanity checking \[dynamic\] - **-dstg-stats** Dump STG stats \[dynamic\] - **-dusagesp-lint** UsageSP sanity checker \[dynamic\] - **-dverbose-core2core** Show output from each core-to-core pass \[dynamic\] - **-dverbose-stg2stg** Show output from each STG-to-STG pass \[dynamic\] - **-unreg** Enable unregisterised compilation \[static\] ## MISC COMPILER OPTIONS - **-femit-extern-decls** ??? \[static\] - **-fglobalise-toplev-names** Make all top-level names global (for **-split-objs**) \[static\] - **-fno-hi-version-check** Don't complain about `.hi` file mismatches \[static\] - **-dno-black-holing** Turn off black holing (probably doesn't work) \[static\] - **-fno-method-sharing** Don't share specialisations of overloaded functions \[static\] - **-fno-prune-decls** Renamer: don't prune declarations \[static\] - **-fhistory-size** Set simplification history size \[static\] - **-funregisterised** Unregisterised compilation (use **-unreg** instead) \[static\] - **-fno-asm-mangling** Turn off assembly mangling (use **-unreg** instead) \[static\] ## FILES */usr/lib/ghc-6.3/* ## COPYRIGHT Copyright 2002, The University Court of the University of Glasgow.\ All rights reserved. ## AUTHOR This manual page was generated from the SGML documentation of GHC with blood, sweat, tears and a breaks-if-you-look-at-it-the-wrong-way XSL stylesheet by Michael Weber \ for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).