---
name: "exp"
section: "3"
platform: "linux"
package: "man-pages"
version: "6.19-1"
release: "Arch Linux 2026-11-01"
platforms: ["linux", "freebsd"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/exp/3"
---

# exp(3)

base-e exponential function

## NAME

exp, expf, expl - base-e exponential function

## LIBRARY

Math library (*libm*, *-lm*)

## SYNOPSIS

```
#include <math.h>
```

**double exp(double** *x***);** **float expf(float** *x***);** **long double expl(long double** *x***);**

Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see [**feature\_test\_macros**(7)](/feature_test_macros/7.md)):

**expf**(), **expl**():

```
    _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
        || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
        || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
```

## DESCRIPTION

These functions return the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of *x*.

## RETURN VALUE

On success, these functions return the exponential value of *x*.

If *x* is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

If *x* is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.

If *x* is negative infinity, +0 is returned.

If the result underflows, a range error occurs, and zero is returned.

If the result overflows, a range error occurs, and the functions return +**HUGE\_VAL**, +**HUGE\_VALF**, or +**HUGE\_VALL**, respectively.

## ERRORS

See [**math\_error**(7)](/math_error/7.md) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions.

The following errors can occur:

- Range error, overflow

  *errno* is set to **ERANGE**. An overflow floating-point exception (**FE\_OVERFLOW**) is raised.

- Range error, underflow

  *errno* is set to **ERANGE**. An underflow floating-point exception (**FE\_UNDERFLOW**) is raised.

## ATTRIBUTES

For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see [**attributes**(7)](/attributes/7.md).

| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Interface** | **Attribute** | **Value** |
| **exp**(), **expf**(), **expl**() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |

## STANDARDS

C11, POSIX.1-2008.

## HISTORY

C99, POSIX.1-2001.

The variant returning *double* also conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89.

## SEE ALSO

[**cbrt**(3)](/cbrt/3.md), [**cexp**(3)](/cexp/3.md), [**exp10**(3)](/exp10/3.md), [**exp2**(3)](/exp2/3.md), [**expm1**(3)](/expm1/3.md), [**sqrt**(3)](/sqrt/3.md)