---
name: "Tangram::Dialect"
section: "3pm"
platform: "linux"
package: "libtangram-perl"
version: "2.07-1"
release: "Debian 3.1 (Sarge)"
platforms: ["linux"]
url: "https://new.carta.tech/Tangram::Dialect"
---

# Tangram::Dialect(3pm)

Tangram::Dialect - support for SQL dialects and extensions

```
   package Tangram::Dialect::SomeDialect;
```

```
   use Tangram::Dialect;
   use base qw( Tangram::Dialect );
```

```
   sub expr
   {
      ...
   }
```

Like Charles Moore (inventor of Forth) used to say, "standards are great, everybody should have one!". Tangram can take advantage of extensions available in some SQL dialects. Each Storage has an associated Dialect object. The instantiation of some classes (currently Expr) is delegated to the Dialect object, which may return objects with extended functionality.\
 *new()* Returns a new Dialect object.\
 **expr($type, $expr**, `@remotes)` Returns a new Expr object. The object is obtained by calling method *expr()* on `$type`. See Tangram::Expr for a description of the arguments. The following code adds support for Sybase's `"datepart"` extension. See below how to actually *use* the extension.

```
   use strict;
```

```
   ############################################
   # derive a DateExpr class from existing Expr
```

```
   package Tangram::Dialect::Sybase::DateExpr;
   use base qw( Tangram::Expr );
```

```
   ############################
   # add method datepart($part)
```

```
   sub datepart
   {
      my ($self, $part) = @_; # $part is 'year', 'month', etc
      my $expr = $self->expr(); # the SQL string for this Expr
```

```
      ##################################
      # build a new Expr of Integer type
      # pass this Expr's remote object list to the new Expr
```

```
      return Tangram::Integer->expr("DATEPART($part, $expr)", $self->objects);
   }
```

```
   ###########################
   # subclass Tangram::Dialect
```

```
   package Tangram::Dialect::Sybase;
   use Tangram::Dialect;
   use base qw( Tangram::Dialect );
```

```
   ############################################
   # a hash that maps date-related Types to the
   # DateExpr - the improved Expr class
```

```
   my %improved =
      (
      'Tangram::RawDateTime' => 'Tangram::Dialect::Sybase::DateExpr',
      'Tangram::RawDate' => 'Tangram::Dialect::Sybase::DateExpr',
      );
```

```
   ######################################################
   # Tangram calls this method to obtain new Expr objects
```

```
   sub expr
   {
      my ($self, $type, $expr, @remotes) = @_;
```

```
      ###################################################
      # is $type related to dates? if not, return default
```

```
      my $improved = $improved{ref($type)} or return $type->expr(@_);
```

```
      ####################################
      # $type is a Date; return a DateExpr
```

```
      return $improved->new($type, $expr, @remotes);
   }
```

```
   1;
```

To take advantage of the new Dialect, we must pass it to the *connect()* method:

```
   my $storage = Tangram::Storage->connect($schema,
      $data_source, $user, $passwd,
      { dialect => 'Tangram::Dialect::Sybase' } );
```

Now we can filter on the various parts of a Date:

```
   my $remote = $storage->remote('NaturalPerson');
```

```
   my ($person) = $storage->select($remote,
      $remote->{birth}->datepart('year') == 1963);
```

Tangram::Type, Tangram::Expr, Tangram::Storage.